Proteins and nucleic acids useful in vaccines targeting Staphylococcus aureus

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are novel immunogenic proteins derived from  Staphylococcus aureus , as well as methods for their use in conferring protective immunity against  S. aureus  infections. Also disclosed are nucleic acids encoding the proteins and methods of use of these nucleic acids.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

In accordance with 37 C.F.R. 1.76, a claim of priority is included in an Application Data Sheet filed concurrently herewith. Accordingly, the present invention claims priority as a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/887,611, entitled “PROTEINS AND NUCLEIC ACIDS USEFUL IN VACCINES TARGETING STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS”, filed May 29, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/023,741, entitled “PROTEINS AND NUCLEIC ACIDS USEFUL IN VACCINES TARGETING STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS”, filed Jun. 29, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,675,340, issued Jun. 9, 2020, which claims priority as a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/387,814, entitled “PROTEINS AND NUCLEIC ACIDS USEFUL IN VACCINES TARGETING STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS”, filed Dec. 22, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,034,928, issued Jul. 31, 2018, which claims priority as a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/802,602, entitled “PROTEINS AND NUCLEIC ACIDS USEFUL IN VACCINES TARGETING STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS”, filed Jul. 17, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,534,022, issued Jan. 3, 2017, which claims priority as a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/110,475, entitled “PROTEINS AND NUCLEIC ACIDS USEFUL IN VACCINES TARGETING STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS”, filed Nov. 25, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,085,631, issued Jul. 21, 2015, which is a § 371 national stage entry of International Application No. PCT/EP2012/056069, entitled “PROTEINS AND NUCLEIC ACIDS USEFUL IN VACCINES TARGETING STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS”, filed Apr. 3, 2012, which claims priority to Danish Patent Application No. PA 2011 70167, entitled “PROTEINS AND NUCLEIC ACIDS USEFUL IN VACCINES TARGETING STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS”, filed Apr. 8, 2011 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/473,376, entitled “PROTEINS AND NUCLEIC ACIDS USEFUL IN VACCINES TARGETING STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS”, filed Apr. 8, 2011, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of antimicrobial prophylaxis and therapy. In particular the present invention relates to novel proteins and polynucleotides derived from Staphylococcus aureus. The invention further relates to vectors comprising the polynucleotides, transformed host organisms expressing the polynucleotides, antibodies (mono- or polyclonal) specific for the polypeptides as well as diagnostic, prophylactic and therapeutic uses and methods. Finally, also methods of preparation are part of the invention.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Bacterial infections are in most instances successfully treated by administration of antibiotics to patients in need thereof. However, due to careless or thoughtless use of powerful antibiotics, many pathological germs become resistant against antibiotics over time. One threatening example is Staphylococcus aureus. In particular in hospitals this bacterium is of relevance. So-called Methicillin Resistant S. Aureus (MRSA) strains jeopardize patient's survival in hospitals, in particular after surgery.

Vaccination is considered to be a very effective method of preventing infectious diseases in human and veterinary health care. Vaccination is the administration of immunogenically effective amounts of antigenic material (the vaccine) to produce immunity to a disease/disease-causing pathogenic agent. Vaccines have contributed to the eradication of smallpox, the near eradication of polio, and the control of a variety of diseases, including rubella, measles, mumps, chickenpox, typhoid fever.

Before “the genomic era”, vaccines were based on killed or live attenuated, microorganisms, or parts purified from them. Subunit vaccines are considered as a modern upgrade of these types of vaccine, as the subunit vaccines contain one or more protective antigens, which are more or less the weak spot of the pathogen. Hence, in order to develop subunit vaccines, it is critical to identify the proteins, which are important for inducing protection and to eliminate others.

An antigen is said to be protective if it is able to induce protection from subsequent challenge by a disease-causing infectious agent in an appropriate animal model following immunization.

The empirical approach to subunit vaccine development, which includes several steps, begins with pathogen cultivation, followed by purification into components, and then testing of antigens for protection. Apart from being time and labour consuming, this approach has several limitations that can lead to failure. It is not possible to develop vaccines using this approach for microorganisms, which cannot easily be cultured and only allows for the identification of the antigens, which can be obtained in sufficient quantities. The empirical approach has a tendency to focus on the most abundant proteins, which in some cases are not immuno-protective. In other cases, the antigen expressed during in vivo infection is not expressed during in vitro cultivation. Furthermore, antigen discovery by use of the empirical approach demands an extreme amount of proteins in order to discover the protective antigens, which are like finding needles in the haystack. This renders it a very expensive approach, and it limits the vaccine development around diseases, which is caused by pathogens with a large genome or disease areas, which perform badly in a cost-effective perspective.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of embodiments of the invention to provide S. aureus derived antigenic polypeptides that may serve as constituents in vaccines against S. aureus infections and in diagnosis of S. aureus infections. It is also an object to provide nucleic acids, vectors, transformed cells, vaccine compositions, and other useful means for molecular cloning as well as for therapy and diagnosis with relevance for S. aureus.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It has been found by the present inventor(s) that S. aureus, in particular drug resistant S. aureus, expresses a number of hitherto unknown surface exposed proteins which are candidates as vaccine targets as well as candidates as immunizing agents for preparation of antibodies that target S. aureus.

So, in a first aspect the present invention relates to a polypeptide comprising

a) an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-19, or b) an amino acid sequence consisting of at least 5 contiguous amino acid residues from any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-19, or c) an amino acid sequence having a sequence identity of at least 60% with the amino acid sequence of a), d) an amino acid sequence having a sequence identity of at least 60% with the amino acid sequence of b), or e) an assembly of amino acids derived from any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-19 which has essentially the same 3D conformation as in the protein from which said assembly is derived so as to constitute a B-cell epitope, said polypeptide being antigenic in a mammal.

In another aspect, the invention relates to an isolated nucleic acid fragment, which comprises

i) a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide of the invention, or ii) a nucleotide sequence consisting of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 20-57. iii) a nucleotide sequence consisting of at least 10 consecutive nucleotides in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 20-57, iv) a nucleotide sequence having a sequence identity of at least 60% with the nucleotide sequence in i) or ii), v) a nucleotide sequence having a sequence identity of at least 60% with the nucleotide sequence in iii), vi) a nucleotide sequence complementary to the nucleotide sequence in i)-v), or vii) a nucleotide sequence which hybridizes under stringent conditions with the nucleotide sequence in i)-vi).

In a third aspect, the invention relates to a vector comprising the nucleic acid of the invention, such as a cloning vector or an expression vector.

In fourth aspect, the invention relates to a cell which is transformed so as to carry the vector of the invention.

In a fifth aspect, the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a polypeptide of the invention, a nucleic acid fragment of the invention, a vector of the invention, or a transformed cell of the invention, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent.

In a sixth aspect, the invention relates to a method for inducing immunity in an animal by administering at least once an immunogenically effective amount of a polypeptide of the invention, a nucleic acid fragment of the invention, a vector of the invention, a transformed cell of the invention, or a pharmaceutical composition of the fifth aspect of the invention so as to induce adaptive immunity against S. aureus in the animal.

In a seventh and eighth aspect, the invention relates to 1) a polyclonal antibody in which the antibodies specifically bind to at least one polypeptide of the invention, and which is essentially free from antibodies binding specifically to other S. aureus polypeptides, and to 2) an isolated monoclonal antibody or antibody analogue which binds specifically to a polypeptide of the invention. In a related ninth aspect, the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising such a polyclonal or monoclonal antibody and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent.

In a 10^(th) aspect, the invention relates to a method for prophylaxis, treatment or amelioration of infection with S. aureus, in particular infection with multi-resistant S. aureus, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody of the 7^(th) or 8^(th) aspect of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition of the eighth aspect to an individual in need thereof.

In an 11^(th) aspect, the invention relates to a method for determining, quantitatively or qualitatively, the presence of S. aureus, in particular the presence of multi-resistant S. aureus, in a sample, the method comprising contacting the sample with an antibody of aspects 8 or 9 of the invention and detecting the presence of antibody bound to material in the sample.

In an 12^(th) aspect of the invention is provided a method for determining, quantitatively or qualitatively, the presence of antibodies specific for S. aureus, in particular the presence of antibodies specific for multi-resistant S. aureus, in a sample, the method comprising contacting the sample with a polypeptide of the invention and detecting the presence of antibody that specifically bind said polypeptide.

In a 13^(th) aspect, the invention relates to a method for determining, quantitatively or qualitatively, the presence of a nucleic acid characteristic of S. aureus, in particular the presence of a nucleic acid characteristic of multi-resistant S. aureus, in a sample, the method comprising contacting the sample with a nucleic acid fragment of the invention and detecting the presence of nucleic acid in the sample that hybridizes to said nucleic acid fragment.

In a 14^(th) aspect, the invention relates to a method for the preparation of the polypeptide of the invention, comprising

-   -   culturing a transformed cell of the present invention, which is         capable of expressing the nucleic acid of the invention, under         conditions that facilitate that the transformed cell expresses         the nucleic acid fragment of the invention, which encodes a         polypeptide of the invention, and subsequently recovering said         polypeptide, or     -   preparing said polypeptide by means of solid or liquid phase         peptide synthesis.

In a 15^(th) aspect, the invention relates to a method for determining whether a substance, such as an antibody, is potentially useful for treating infection with S. aureus, the method comprising contacting the polypeptide of the invention with the substance and subsequently establishing whether the substance has at least one of the following characteristics:

1) the ability to bind specifically to said polypeptide, 2) the ability to compete with said polypeptide for specific binding to a ligand/receptor, and 3) the ability to specifically inactivate said polypeptide.

Finally, in a 16^(th) aspect, the invention relates to a method for determining whether a substance, such as a nucleic acid, is potentially useful for treating infection with S. aureus, the method comprising contacting the substance with the nucleic acid fragment of claim of the invention and subsequently establishing whether the substance has either the ability to

1) bind specifically to the nucleic acid fragment, or 2) bind specifically to a nucleic acid that hybridizes specifically with the nucleic acid fragment.

DETAILED DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Definitions

The term “polypeptide” is in the present context intended to mean both short peptides of from 2 to 10 amino acid residues, oligopeptides of from 11 to 100 amino acid residues, and polypeptides of more than 100 amino acid residues. Further-more, the term is also intended to include proteins, i.e. functional biomolecules comprising at least one polypeptide; when comprising at least two polypeptides, these may form complexes, be covalently linked, or may be non-covalently linked. The polypeptide (s) in a protein can be glycosylated and/or lipidated and/or comprise prosthetic groups.

The term “subsequence” means any consecutive stretch of at least 3 amino acids or, when relevant, of at least 3 nucleotides, derived directly from a naturally occurring amino acid sequence or nucleic acid sequence, respectively

The term “amino acid sequence” is the order in which amino acid residues, connected by peptide bonds, lie in the chain in peptides and proteins.

The term “adjuvant” has its usual meaning in the art of vaccine technology, i.e. a substance or a composition of matter which is 1) not in itself capable of mounting a specific immune response against the immunogen of the vaccine, but which is 2) nevertheless capable of enhancing the immune response against the immunogen. Or, in other words, vaccination with the adjuvant alone does not provide an immune response against the immunogen, vaccination with the immunogen may or may not give rise to an immune response against the immunogen, but the combined vaccination with immunogen and adjuvant induces an immune response against the immunogen which is stronger than that induced by the immunogen alone.

“Sequence identity” is in the context of the present invention determined by comparing 2 optimally aligned sequences of equal length (e.g. DNA, RNA or amino acid) according to the following formula: (N_(ref)−N_(dif))·100/N_(ref), wherein N_(ref) is the number of residues in one of the 2 sequences and N_(dif) is the number of residues which are non-identical in the two sequences when they are aligned over their entire lengths and in the same direction. So, two sequences 5′-ATTCGGAACC-3′(SEQ ID NO: 58) and 5′-ATACGGGACC-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 58) will provide the sequence identity 80% (N_(ref)=10 and N_(dif)=2).

An “assembly of amino acids” means two or more amino acids bound together by physical or chemical means.

The “3D conformation” is the 3 dimensional structure of a biomolecule such as a protein. In monomeric polypeptides/proteins, the 3D conformation is also termed “the tertiary structure” and denotes the relative locations in 3 dimensional space of the amino acid residues forming the polypeptide.

“An immunogenic carrier” is a molecule or moiety to which an immunogen or a hapten can be coupled in order to enhance or enable the elicitation of an immune response against the immunogen/hapten. Immunogenic carriers are in classical cases relatively large molecules (such as tetanus toxoid, KLH, diphtheria toxoid etc.) which can be fused or conjugated to an immunogen/hapten, which is not sufficiently immunogenic in its own right—typically, the immunogenic carrier is capable of eliciting a strong T-helper lymphocyte response against the combined substance constituted by the immunogen and the immunogenic carrier, and this in turn provides for improved responses against the immunogen by B-lymphocytes and cytotoxic lymphocytes. More recently, the large carrier molecules have to a certain extent been substituted by so-called promiscuous T-helper epitopes, i.e. shorter peptides that are recognized by a large fraction of HLA haplotypes in a population, and which elicit T-helper lymphocyte responses.

A “T-helper lymphocyte response” is an immune response elicited on the basis of a peptide, which is able to bind to an MHC class II molecule (e.g. an HLA class II molecule) in an antigen-presenting cell and which stimulates T-helper lymphocytes in an animal species as a consequence of T-cell receptor recognition of the complex between the peptide and the MHC Class II molecule present.

An “immunogen” is a substance of matter which is capable of inducing an adaptive immune response in a host, whose immune system is confronted with the immunogen. As such, immunogens are a subset of the larger genus “antigens”, which are substances that can be recognized specifically by the immune system (e.g. when bound by antibodies or, alternatively, when fragments of the are antigens bound to MHC molecules are being recognized by T-cell receptors) but which are not necessarily capable of inducing immunity—an antigen is, however, always capable of eliciting immunity, meaning that a host that has an established memory immunity against the antigen will mount a specific immune response against the antigen.

A “hapten” is a small molecule, which can neither induce nor elicit an immune response, but if conjugated to an immunogenic carrier, antibodies or TCRs that recognize the hapten can be induced upon confrontation of the immune system with the hapten carrier conjugate.

An “adaptive immune response” is an immune response in response to confrontation with an antigen or immunogen, where the immune response is specific for antigenic determinants of the antigen/immunogen—examples of adaptive immune responses are induction of antigen specific antibody production or antigen specific induction/activation of T helper lymphocytes or cytotoxic lymphocytes.

A “protective, adaptive immune response” is an antigen-specific immune response induced in a subject as a reaction to immunization (artificial or natural) with an antigen, where the immune response is capable of protecting the subject against subsequent challenges with the antigen or a pathology-related agent that includes the antigen. Typically, prophylactic vaccination aims at establishing a protective adaptive immune response against one or several pathogens.

“Stimulation of the immune system” means that a substance or composition of matter exhibits a general, non-specific immunostimulatory effect. A number of adjuvants and putative adjuvants (such as certain cytokines) share the ability to stimulate the immune system. The result of using an immunostimulating agent is an increased “alertness” of the immune system meaning that simultaneous or subsequent immunization with an immunogen induces a significantly more effective immune response compared to isolated use of the immunogen.

Hybridization under “stringent conditions” is herein defined as hybridization performed under conditions by which a probe will hybridize to its target sequence, to a detectably greater degree than to other sequences. Stringent conditions are target-sequence-dependent and will differ depending on the structure of the polynucleotide. By controlling the stringency of the hybridization and/or washing conditions, target sequences can be identified which are 100% complementary to a probe (homologous probing). Alternatively, stringency conditions can be adjusted to allow some mismatching in sequences so that lower degrees of similarity are detected (heterologous probing). Specificity is typically the function of post-hybridization washes, the critical factors being the ionic strength and temperature of the final wash solution. Generally, stringent wash temperature conditions are selected to be about 5° C. to about 2° C. lower than the melting point (Tm) for the specific sequence at a defined ionic strength and pH. The melting point, or denaturation, of DNA occurs over a narrow temperature range and represents the disruption of the double helix into its complementary single strands. The process is described by the temperature of the midpoint of transition, Tm, which is also called the melting temperature. Formulas are available in the art for the determination of melting temperatures.

The term “animal” is in the present context in general intended to denote an animal species (preferably mammalian), such as Homo sapiens, Canis domesticus, etc. and not just one single animal. However, the term also denotes a population of such an animal species, since it is important that the individuals immunized according to the method of the invention substantially all will mount an immune response against the immunogen of the present invention.

As used herein, the term “antibody” refers to a polypeptide or group of polypeptides composed of at least one antibody combining site. An “antibody combining site” is the three-dimensional binding space with an internal surface shape and charge distribution complementary to the features of an epitope of an antigen, which allows a binding of the antibody with the antigen. “Antibody” includes, for example, vertebrate antibodies, hybrid antibodies, chimeric antibodies, humanised antibodies, altered antibodies, univalent antibodies, Fab proteins, and single domain antibodies.

“Specific binding” denotes binding between two substances which goes beyond binding of either substance to randomly chosen substances and also goes beyond simple association between substances that tend to aggregate because they share the same overall hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity. As such, specific binding usually involves a combination of electrostatic and other interactions between two conformationally complementary areas on the two substances, meaning that the substances can “recognize” each other in a complex mixture.

The term “vector” is used to refer to a carrier nucleic acid molecule into which a heterologous nucleic acid sequence can be inserted for introduction into a cell where it can be replicated and expressed. The term further denotes certain biological vehicles useful for the same purpose, e.g. viral vectors and phage—both these infectious agents are capable of introducing a heterologous nucleic acid sequence

The term “expression vector” refers to a vector containing a nucleic acid sequence coding for at least part of a gene product capable of being transcribed. In some cases, when the transcription product is an mRNA molecule, this is in turn translated into a protein, polypeptide, or peptide.

Specific Embodiments of the Invention The Polypeptides of the Invention

In some embodiments the at least 5 contiguous amino acids referred to in option b) in the definition of the first aspect of the invention constitute at least 6, such as at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, at least 11, at least 12, at least 13, at least 14, at least 15, at least 16, at least 17, at least 18, at least 19, at least 20, at least 21, at least 22, at least 23, at least 24, at least 25, at least 26, at least 27 at least 28, at least 29, at least 30, at least 31, at least 32, at least 33, at least 34, and at least 35 contiguous amino acid residues. The number can be higher, for all of SEQ ID NOs. 1-19 at least 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, and at least 124 contiguous amino acid residues. Another way to phrase this is that for each of SEQ ID NOs: 1-19, the number of the contiguous amino acid residues is at least N-n, where N is the length of the sequence ID in question and n is any integer between 6 and N−1; that is, the at least 5 contiguous amino acids can be at least any number between 5 and the length of the reference sequence minus one, in increments of one.

In some embodiments, the polypeptide of the invention also has a sequence identity with the amino acid sequence of a) defined above of at least 65%, such as at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, and at least 99%. Similarly, the polypeptide of the invention in some embodiments also has a sequence identity with the amino acid sequence of b) defined above of at least 60%, such as at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, and at least 99%.

In the embodiments defined by option b) above, the polypeptide of the invention is also one that has at least 5 contiguous amino acid residues defined for option b) above and also has its N-terminal amino acid residue corresponding to any one of amino acid residues 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, and 128 in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-19, if the length of the at least 5 amino acid residues so permit—if the length of the at least 5 amino acids are higher than 5, the N-terminal first residue will not be higher numbered than N−L+1, where N is the number of amino acid residues of the reference sequence and L is the number of amino acids defined for option b.

In the embodiments defined by option b) above, the polypeptide of the invention is also one that has at least 5 contiguous amino acid residues defined for option b) above and also has its N-terminal amino acid residue corresponding to any one of amino acid residues 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, and 140 in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, and 4-19, if the length of the at least 5 amino acid residues so permit—if the length of the at least 5 amino acids are higher than 5, the N-terminal first residue will not be higher numbered than N−L+1, where N is the number of amino acid residues of the reference sequence and L is the number of amino acids defined for option b.

In the embodiments defined by option b) above, the polypeptide of the invention is also one that has at least 5 contiguous amino acid residues defined for option b) above and also has its N-terminal amino acid residue corresponding to any one of amino acid residues 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, and 150 in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, and 4-6, and 8-19, if the length of the at least 5 amino acid residues so permit—if the length of the at least 5 amino acids are higher than 5, the N-terminal first residue will not be higher numbered than N−L+1, where N is the number of amino acid residues of the reference sequence and L is the number of amino acids defined for option b.

In the embodiments defined by option b) above, the polypeptide of the invention is also one that has at least 5 contiguous amino acid residues defined for option b) above and also has its N-terminal amino acid residue corresponding to any one of amino acid residues 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, and 180 in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 4-6, and 8-19, if the length of the at least 5 amino acid residues so permit—if the length of the at least 5 amino acids are higher than 5, the N-terminal first residue will not be higher numbered than N−L+1, where N is the number of amino acid residues of the reference sequence and L is the number of amino acids defined for option b.

In the embodiments defined by option b) above, the polypeptide of the invention is also one that has at least 5 contiguous amino acid residues defined for option b) above and also has its N-terminal amino acid residue corresponding to any one of amino acid residues 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, and 186 in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4-6, and 8-19, if the length of the at least 5 amino acid residues so permit—if the length of the at least 5 amino acids are higher than 5, the N-terminal first residue will not be higher numbered than N−L+1, where N is the number of amino acid residues of the reference sequence and L is the number of amino acids defined for option b.

In the embodiments defined by option b) above, the polypeptide of the invention is also one that has at least 5 contiguous amino acid residues defined for option b) above and also has its N-terminal amino acid residue corresponding to any one of amino acid residues 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, and 204 in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4-6, 8-11, 13-19, if the length of the at least 5 amino acid residues so permit—if the length of the at least 5 amino acids are higher than 5, the N-terminal first residue will not be higher numbered than N−L+1, where N is the number of amino acid residues of the reference sequence and L is the number of amino acids defined for option b.

In the embodiments defined by option b) above, the polypeptide of the invention is also one that has at least 5 contiguous amino acid residues defined for option b) above and also has its N-terminal amino acid residue corresponding to amino acid residue 205 in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4-6, 8-11, 13-15, and 17-19, if the length of the at least 5 amino acid residues so permit—if the length of the at least 5 amino acids are higher than 5, the N-terminal first residue will not be higher numbered than N−L+1, where N is the number of amino acid residues of the reference sequence and L is the number of amino acids defined for option b.

In the embodiments defined by option b) above, the polypeptide of the invention is also one that has at least 5 contiguous amino acid residues defined for option b) above and also has its N-terminal amino acid residue corresponding to any one of amino acid residues 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, and 223 in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4-6, 8-10, 13-15, and 17-19, if the length of the at least 5 amino acid residues so permit—if the length of the at least 5 amino acids are higher than 5, the N-terminal first residue will not be higher numbered than N−L+1, where N is the number of amino acid residues of the reference sequence and L is the number of amino acids defined for option b.

In the embodiments defined by option b) above, the polypeptide of the invention is also one that has at least 5 contiguous amino acid residues defined for option b) above and also has its N-terminal amino acid residue corresponding to any one of amino acid residues 224, 225, 226, and 227 in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4-6, 8-10, 13-15, 18, and 19, if the length of the at least 5 amino acid residues so permit—if the length of the at least 5 amino acids are higher than 5, the N-terminal first residue will not be higher numbered than N−L+1, where N is the number of amino acid residues of the reference sequence and L is the number of amino acids defined for option b.

In the embodiments defined by option b) above, the polypeptide of the invention is also one that has at least 5 contiguous amino acid residues defined for option b) above and also has its N-terminal amino acid residue corresponding to any one of amino acid residues 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, and 392 in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4-6, 8-10, 13-15, and 18, if the length of the at least 5 amino acid residues so permit—if the length of the at least 5 amino acids are higher than 5, the N-terminal first residue will not be higher numbered than N−L+1, where N is the number of amino acid residues of the reference sequence and L is the number of amino acids defined for option b.

In the embodiments defined by option b) above, the polypeptide of the invention is also one that has at least 5 contiguous amino acid residues defined for option b) above and also has its N-terminal amino acid residue corresponding to any one of amino acid residues 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, and 400 in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4-6, 8-10, 13, 15, and 18, if the length of the at least 5 amino acid residues so permit—if the length of the at least 5 amino acids are higher than 5, the N-terminal first residue will not be higher numbered than N−L+1, where N is the number of amino acid residues of the reference sequence and L is the number of amino acids defined for option b.

In the embodiments defined by option b) above, the polypeptide of the invention is also one that has at least 5 contiguous amino acid residues defined for option b) above and also has its N-terminal amino acid residue corresponding to any one of amino acid residues 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, and 482 in any one of SEQ ID NOs: SEQ ID NOs: 4-6, 8-10, 13, and 15, if the length of the at least 5 amino acid residues so permit—if the length of the at least 5 amino acids are higher than 5, the N-terminal first residue will not be higher numbered than N−L+1, where N is the number of amino acid residues of the reference sequence and L is the number of amino acids defined for option b.

In the embodiments defined by option b) above, the polypeptide of the invention is also one that has at least 5 contiguous amino acid residues defined for option b) above and also has its N-terminal amino acid residue corresponding to any one of amino acid residues 483, 484, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, 547, 548, 549, 550, 551, 552, 553, 554, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584, 585, 586, 587, 588, 589, 590, 591, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 600, 601, 602, 603, 604, and 605 in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4-6, 8, 10, 13, and 15, if the length of the at least 5 amino acid residues so permit—if the length of the at least 5 amino acids are higher than 5, the N-terminal first residue will not be higher numbered than N−L+1, where N is the number of amino acid residues of the reference sequence and L is the number of amino acids defined for option b.

In the embodiments defined by option b) above, the polypeptide of the invention is also one that has at least 5 contiguous amino acid residues defined for option b) above and also has its N-terminal amino acid residue corresponding to any one of amino acid residues 606, 607, 608, 609, 610, 611, 612, 613, 614, 615, 616, 617, 618, 619, 620, 621, 622, 623, 624, 625, 626, 627, 628, 629, 630, 631, 632, 633, 634, 635, 636, 637, 638, 639, 640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 650, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, 662, 663, 664, 665, 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, 674, 675, 676, 677, 678, 679, 680, 681, 682, 683, 684, 685, 686, 687, 688, 689, 690, 691, 692, 693, 694, 695, 696, 697, 698, 699, 700, 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717, 718, 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729, 730, 731, 732, 733, 734, 735, 736, 737, 738, 739, 740, 741, 742, 743, 744, 745, 746, 747, 748, 749, 750, 751, 752, 753, 754, 755, 756, 757, 758, 759, 760, 761, 762, 763, 764, and 765 in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, 8, 10, 13, and 15, if the length of the at least 5 amino acid residues so permit—if the length of the at least 5 amino acids are higher than 5, the N-terminal first residue will not be higher numbered than N−L+1, where N is the number of amino acid residues of the reference sequence and L is the number of amino acids defined for option b.

In the embodiments defined by option b) above, the polypeptide of the invention is also one that has at least 5 contiguous amino acid residues defined for option b) above and also has its N-terminal amino acid residue corresponding to any one of amino acid residues 766, 767, 768, 769, 770, 771, 772, 773, 774, 775, 776, 777, 778, 779, 780, 781, 782, 783, 784, 785, 786, 787, 788, 789, 790, 791, 792, 793, 794, 795, 796, 797, 798, 799, 800, 801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807, 808, 809, 810, 811, 812, 813, 814, 815, 816, 817, 818, 819, 820, 821, 822, 823, 824, 825, 826, 827, 828, 829, 830, 831, 832, 833, 834, 835, 836, 837, 838, 839, 840, 841, 842, 843, 844, 845, 846, 847, 848, 849, 850, 851, 852, 853, 854, 855, 856, 857, 858, 859, 860, 861, 862, 863, 864, 865, 866, 867, 868, 869, 870, 871, 872, 873, 874, 875, 876, 877, 878, 879, 880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 886, 887, 888, 889, 890, 891, 892, 893, 894, 895, 896, 897, 898, 899, 900, 901, 902, 903, 904, 905, 906, 907, 908, 909, 910, 911, 912, 913, 914, 915, 916, 917, 918, 919, 920, 921, 922, 923, 924, 925, 926, 927, 928, 929, 930, 931, 932, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938, 939, 940, 941, 942, 943, 944, 945, 946, 947, 948, 949, 950, 951, 952, 953, 954, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 968, 969, 970, 971, 972, 973, 974, 975, 976, 977, 978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 983, 984, 985, 986, 987, 988, and 989 in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, 8, 10, and 13, if the length of the at least 5 amino acid residues so permit—if the length of the at least 5 amino acids are higher than 5, the N-terminal first residue will not be higher numbered than N−L+1, where N is the number of amino acid residues of the reference sequence and L is the number of amino acids defined for option b.

In the embodiments defined by option b) above, the polypeptide of the invention is also one that has at least 5 contiguous amino acid residues defined for option b) above and also has its N-terminal amino acid residue corresponding to any one of amino acid residues 990, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 999, 1000, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004, and 1005, in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 5, 8, 10, and 13, if the length of the at least 5 amino acid residues so permit—if the length of the at least 5 amino acids are higher than 5, the N-terminal first residue will not be higher numbered than N−L+1, where N is the number of amino acid residues of the reference sequence and L is the number of amino acids defined for option b.

In the embodiments defined by option b) above, the polypeptide of the invention is also one that has at least 5 contiguous amino acid residues defined for option b) above and also has its N-terminal amino acid residue corresponding to any one of amino acid residues 1006, 1007, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1099, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, and 1253 in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 5, 8, and 10, if the length of the at least 5 amino acid residues so permit—if the length of the at least 5 amino acids are higher than 5, the N-terminal first residue will not be higher numbered than N−L+1, where N is the number of amino acid residues of the reference sequence and L is the number of amino acids defined for option b.

In the embodiments defined by option b) above, the polypeptide of the invention is also one that has at least 5 contiguous amino acid residues defined for option b) above and also has its N-terminal amino acid residue corresponding to any one of amino acid residues 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, and 1270 in SEQ ID NO: 5 or 10, if the length of the at least 5 amino acid residues so permit—if the length of the at least 5 amino acids are higher than 5, the N-terminal first residue will not be higher numbered than N−L+1, where N is the number of amino acid residues of the reference sequence and L is the number of amino acids defined for option b.

In the embodiments defined by option b) above, the polypeptide of the invention is also one that has at least 5 contiguous amino acid residues defined for option b) above and also has its N-terminal amino acid residue corresponding to any one of amino acid residues 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1484, 1485, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1508, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1675, 1676, 1677, 1678, 1679, 1680, 1681, 1682, 1683, 1684, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1688, 1689, 1690, 1691, 1692, 1693, 1694, 1695, 1696, 1697, 1698, 1699, 1700, 1701, 1702, 1703, 1704, 1705, 1706, 1707, 1708, 1709, 1710, 1711, 1712, 1713, 1714, 1715, 1716, 1717, 1718, 1719, 1720, 1721, 1722, 1723, 1724, 1725, 1726, 1727, 1728, 1729, 1730, 1731, 1732, 1733, 1734, 1735, 1736, 1737, 1738, 1739, 1740, 1741, 1742, 1743, 1744, 1745, 1746, 1747, 1748, 1749, 1750, 1751, 1752, 1753, 1754, 1755, 1756, 1757, 1758, 1759, 1760, 1761, 1762, 1763, 1764, 1765, 1766, 1767, 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772, 1773, 1774, 1775, 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, 1780, 1781, 1782, 1783, 1784, 1785, 1786, 1787, 1788, 1789, 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803, 1804, 1805, 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, 1814, 1815, 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, 1821, 1822, 1823, 1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837, 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028, 2029, 2030, 2031, 2032, 2033, 2034, 2035, 2036, 2037, 2038, 2039, 2040, 2041, 2042, 2043, 2044, 2045, 2046, 2047, 2048, 2049, 2050, 2051, 2052, 2053, 2054, 2055, 2056, 2057, 2058, 2059, 2060, 2061, and 2062 in SEQ ID NO: 5, if the length of the at least 5 amino acid residues so permit—if the length of the at least 5 amino acids are higher than 5, the N-terminal first residue will not be higher numbered than N−L+1, where N is the number of amino acid residues of the reference sequence and L is the number of amino acids defined for option b.

The polypeptide of the invention is in certain embodiments also fused or conjugated to an immunogenic carrier molecule; or, phrased otherwise, the polypeptide of the invention also includes such an immunogenic carrier molecule in addition to the material derived from SEQ ID NOs. 1-19. The immunogenic carrier molecule is a typically polypeptide that induces T-helper lymphocyte responses in a majority of humans, such as immunogenic carrier proteins selected from the group consisting of keyhole limpet hemocyanino or a fragment thereof, tetanus toxoid or a fragment thereof, diphtheria toxoid or a fragment thereof. Other suitable carrier molecules are discussed infra.

In preferred embodiments, the polypeptide of the invention detailed above is capable of inducing an adaptive immune response against the polypeptide in a mammal, in particular in a human being. Preferably, the adaptive immune response is a protective adaptive immune response against infection with S. aureus, in particular multi-resistant S. aureus. The polypeptide may in these cases induce a humeral and/or a cellular immune response.

Epitopes

SEQ ID NOs: 1-19 include antigenic determinants (epitopes) that are as such recognized by antibodies and/or when bound to MHC molecules by T-cell receptors. For the purposes of the present invention, B-cell epitopes (i.e. antibody binding epitopes) are of particular relevance.

It is relatively uncomplicated to identify linear B-cell epitopes—one very simple approach entails that antibodies raised against S. aureus or S. aureus derived proteins disclosed herein are tested for binding to overlapping oligomeric peptides derived from any one of SEQ ID NO: 1-19. Thereby, the regions of the S. aureus polypeptide which are responsible for or contribute to binding to the antibodies can be identified.

Alternatively, or additionally, one can produce mutated versions of the polypeptides of the invention, e.g. version where each single non-alanine residue in SEQ ID NOs.: 1-19 are point mutated to alanine—this method also assists in identifying complex assembled B-cell epitopes; this is the case when binding of the same antibody is modified by exchanging amino acids in different areas of the full-length polypeptide.

Also, in silico methods for B-cell epitope prediction can be employed: useful state-of-the-art systems for β-turn prediction is provided in Petersen B et al. (November 2010), Plos One 5(11): e15079; prediction of linear B-cell epitopes, cf: Larsen 3 E P et al. (April 2006), Immunome Research, 2:2; prediction of solvent exposed amino acids: Petersen B et al (July 2009), BMC Structural Biology, 9:51.

The Nucleic Acid Fragments of the Invention

The nucleic acid fragment of the invention referred to above is preferably is a DNA fragment (such as SEQ ID NOs: 20-38) or an RNA fragment (such as SEQ ID NOs 29-58).

The nucleic acid fragment of the invention typically consists of at least 11, such as at least 12, at least 13, at least 14, at least 15, at least 16, at least 17 at least 18, at least 19, at least 20, at least 21, at least 22, at least 23, at least 24, at least 25, at least 26, at least 27, at least 28, at least 29, at least 30, at least 31, at least 32, at least 33, at least 34, at least 35, at least 36, at least 37, at least 38, at least 39, at least 40, at least 41, at least 42, at least 43, at least 44, at least 45, at least 46, at least 47, at least 48, at least 49, at least 50, at least 51, at least 52, at least 53, at least 54, at least 55, at least 56, at least 57, at least 58, at least 59, at least 60, at least 61, at least 62, at least 63, at least 64, at least 65, at least 66, at least 67, at least 68, at least 69, at least 70, at least 71, at least 72, at least 73, at least 74, at least 75, at least 76, at least 77, at least 78, at least 79, at least 80, at least 81, at least 82, at least 83, at least 84, at least 85, at least 86, at least 87, at least 88, at least 89, at least 90, at least 91, at least 92, at least 93, at least 94, at least 95, at least 96, at least 97, at least 98, at least 99, at least 100, at least 101, at least 102, at least 103, at least 104, at least 105, at least 106, at least 107, at least 108, at least 109, at least 110, at least 111, at least 112, at least 113, at least 114, at least 115, at least 116, at least 117, at least 118, at least 119, at least 120, at least 121, at least 122, at least 123, at least 124, at least 125, at least 126, at least 127, at least 128, at least 129, at least 130, at least 131, at least 132, at least 133, at least 134, at least 135, at least 136, at least 137, at least 138, at least 139, at least 140, at least 141, at least 142, at least 143, at least 144, at least 145, at least 146, at least 147, at least 148, at least 149, at least 150, at least 151, at least 152, at least 153, at least 154, at least 155, at least 156, at least 157, at least 158, at least 159, at least 160, at least 161, at least 162, at least 163, at least 164, at least 165, at least 166, at least 167, at least 168, at least 169, at least 170, at least 171, at least 172, at least 173, at least 174, at least 175, at least 176, at least 177, at least 178, at least 179, at least 180, at least 181, at least 182, at least 183, at least 184, at least 185, at least 186, at least 187, at least 188, at least 189, at least 190, at least 191, at least 192, at least 193, at least 194, at least 195, at least 196, at least 197, at least 198, at least 199, at least 200, at least 201, at least 202, at least 203, at least 204, at least 205, at least 206, at least 207, at least 208, at least 209, at least 210, at least 211, at least 212, at least 213, at least 214, at least 215, at least 216, at least 217, at least 218, at least 219, at least 220, at least 221, at least 222, at least 223, at least 224, at least 225, at least 226, at least 227, at least 228, at least 229, at least 230, at least 231, at least 232, at least 233, at least 234, at least 235, at least 236, at least 237, at least 238, at least 239, at least 240, at least 241, at least 242, at least 243, at least 244, at least 245, at least 246, at least 247, at least 248, at least 249, at least 250, at least 251, at least 252, at least 253, at least 254, at least 255, at least 256, at least 257, at least 258, at least 259, at least 260, at least 261, at least 262, at least 263, at least 264, at least 265, at least 266, at least 267, at least 268, at least 269, at least 270, at least 271, at least 272, at least 273, at least 274, at least 275, at least 276, at least 277, at least 278, at least 279, at least 280, at least 281, at least 282, at least 283, at least 284, at least 285, at least 286, at least 287, at least 288, at least 289, at least 290, at least 291, at least 292, at least 293, at least 294, at least 295, at least 296, at least 297, at least 298, at least 299, at least 300, at least 301, at least 302, at least 303, at least 304, at least 305, at least 306, at least 307, at least 308, at least 309, at least 310, at least 311, at least 312, at least 313, at least 314, at least 315, at least 316, at least 317, at least 318, at least 319, at least 320, at least 321, at least 322, at least 323, at least 324, at least 325, at least 326, at least 327, at least 328, at least 329, at least 330, at least 331, at least 332, at least 333, at least 334, at least 335, at least 336, at least 337, at least 338, at least 339, at least 340, at least 341, at least 342, at least 343, at least 344, at least 345, at least 346, at least 347, at least 348, at least 349, at least 350, at least 351, at least 352, at least 353, at least 354, at least 355, at least 356, at least 357, at least 358, at least 359, at least 360, at least 361, at least 362, at least 363, at least 364, at least 365, at least 366, at least 367, at least 368, at least 369, at least 370, at least 371, at least 372, at least 373, at least 374, at least 375, at least 376, at least 377, at least 378, at least 379, at least 380, at least 381, at least 382, at least 383, at least 384, at least 385, at least 386, at least 387 consecutive nucleotides in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 20-57. Longer fragments are contemplated, i.e. fragments having at least 400, at least 500, at least 600, at least 700, at least 800, at least 900, at least 1000, at least 1500, at least 2000, and at least 2500 nucleotides from those of SEQ ID NOs: 20-57 that encompass fragments of such lengths.

The nucleic acid fragment of the invention discussed above typically has a sequence identity with the nucleotide sequence defined for i) or ii) above, which is at least 65%, such as at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, and at least 99%.

The nucleic acid fragment of the invention discussed above may also have a sequence identity with the nucleotide sequence defined for iii) above, which is at least 65%, such as at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, and at least 99%.

The Vectors of the Invention

Vectors of the invention fall into several categories discussed infra. One preferred vector of the invention comprises in operable linkage and in the 5′-3′ direction, an expression control region comprising an enhancer/promoter for driving expression of the nucleic acid fragment defined for option i) above, optionally a signal peptide coding sequence, a nucleotide sequence defined for option i), and optionally a terminator. Hence, such a vector constitutes an expression vector useful for effecting production in cells of the polypeptide of the invention. Since the polypeptides of the invention are bacterial of origin, recombinant production is conveniently effected in bacterial host cells, so here it is preferred that the expression control region drives expression in prokaryotic cell such as a bacterium, e.g. in E coli. However, if the vector is to drive expression in mammalian cell (as would be the case for a DNA vaccine vector), the expression control region should be adapted to this particular use.

At any rate, certain vectors of the invention are capable of autonomous replication.

Also, the vector of the invention may be one that is capable of being integrated into the genome of a host cell—this is particularly useful if the vector is use in the production of stably transformed cells, where the progeny will also include the genetic information introduced via the vector. Alternatively, vectors incapable of being integrated into the genome of a mammalian host cell are useful in e.g. DNA vaccination.

Typically, the vector of the invention is selected from the group consisting of a virus, such as an attenuated virus (which may in itself be useful as a vaccine agent), a bacteriophage, a plasmid, a minichromosome, and a cosmid.

A more detailed discussion of vectors of the invention is provided in the following:

Polypeptides of the invention may be encoded by a nucleic acid molecule comprised in a vector. A nucleic acid sequence can be “heterologous,” which means that it is in a context foreign to the cell in which the vector is being introduced, which includes a sequence homologous to a sequence in the cell but in a position within the host cell where it is ordinarily not found. Vectors include naked DNAs, RNAs, plasmids, cosmids, viruses (bacteriophage, animal viruses, and plant viruses), and artificial chromosomes (e.g., YACs). One of skill in the art would be well equipped to construct a vector through standard recombinant techniques (for example Sambrook et al, 2001; Ausubel et al, 1996, both incorporated herein by reference). In addition to encoding the polypeptides of this invention, a vector of the present invention may encode polypeptide sequences such as a tag or immunogenicity enhancing peptide (e.g. an immunogenic carrier or a fusion partner that stimulates the immune system, such as a cytokine or active fragment thereof). Useful vectors encoding such fusion proteins include pIN vectors (Inouye et al, 1985), vectors encoding a stretch of histidines, and pGEX vectors, for use in generating glutathione S-transferase (GST) soluble fusion proteins for later purification and separation or cleavage.

Vectors of the invention may be used in a host cell to produce a polypeptide of the invention that may subsequently be purified for administration to a subject or the vector may be purified for direct administration to a subject for expression of the protein in the subject (as is the case when administering a nucleic acid vaccine).

Expression vectors can contain a variety of “control sequences,” which refer to nucleic acid sequences necessary for the transcription and possibly translation of an operably linked coding sequence in a particular host organism. In addition to control sequences that govern transcription and translation, vectors and expression vectors may contain nucleic acid sequences that serve other functions as well and are described infra.

1. Promoters and Enhancers

A “promoter” is a control sequence. The promoter is typically a region of a nucleic acid sequence at which initiation and rate of transcription are controlled. It may contain genetic elements at which regulatory proteins and molecules may bind such as RNA polymerase and other transcription factors. The phrases “operatively positioned,” “operatively linked,” “under control,” and “under transcriptional control” mean that a promoter is in a correct functional location and/or orientation in relation to a nucleic acid sequence to control transcriptional initiation and expression of that sequence. A promoter may or may not be used in conjunction with an “enhancer,” which refers to a cis-acting regulatory sequence involved in the transcriptional activation of a nucleic acid sequence.

A promoter may be one naturally associated with a gene or sequence, as may be obtained by isolating the 5′ non-coding sequences located upstream of the coding segment or exon. Such a promoter can be referred to as “endogenous.” Similarly, an enhancer may be one naturally associated with a nucleic acid sequence, located either downstream or upstream of that sequence. Alternatively, certain advantages will be gained by positioning the coding nucleic acid segment under the control of a recombinant or heterologous promoter, which refers to a promoter that is not normally associated with a nucleic acid sequence in its natural environment. A recombinant or heterologous enhancer refers also to an enhancer not normally associated with a nucleic acid sequence in its natural state. Such promoters or enhancers may include promoters or enhancers of other genes, and promoters or enhancers isolated from any other prokaryotic, viral, or eukaryotic cell, and promoters or enhancers not “naturally occurring,” i.e., containing different elements of different transcriptional regulatory regions, and/or mutations that alter expression. In addition to producing nucleic acid sequences of promoters and enhancers synthetically, sequences may be produced using recombinant cloning and/or nucleic acid amplification technology, including PCR™, in connection with the compositions disclosed herein (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,683,202, 5,928,906, each incorporated herein by reference).

Naturally, it may be important to employ a promoter and/or enhancer that effectively direct(s) the expression of the DNA segment in the cell type or organism chosen for expression. Those of skill in the art of molecular biology generally know the use of promoters, enhancers, and cell type combinations for protein expression (see Sambrook et al, 2001, incorporated herein by reference). The promoters employed may be constitutive, tissue-specific, or inducible and in certain embodiments may direct high level expression of the introduced DNA segment under specified conditions, such as large-scale production of recombinant proteins or peptides.

Examples of inducible elements, which are regions of a nucleic acid sequence that can be activated in response to a specific stimulus, include but are not limited to Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain (Banerji et al, 1983; Gilles et al, 1983; Grosschedl et al, 1985; Atchinson et al, 1986, 1987; toiler et al, 1987; Weinberger et al, 1984; Kiledjian et al, 1988; Porton et al; 1990), Immunoglobulin Light Chain (Queen et al, 1983; Picard et al, 1984), T Cell Receptor (Luria et al, 1987; Winoto et al, 1989; Redondo et al; 1990), HLA DQα and/or DQβ (Sullivan et al, 1987), 3-Interferon (Goodbourn et al, 1986; Fujita et al, 1987; Goodbourn et al, 1988), Interleukin-2 (Greene et al, 1989), Interleukin-2 Receptor (Greene et al, 1989; Lin et al, 1990), MHC Class II 5 (Koch et al, 1989), MHC Class II HLA-DRα (Sherman et al, 1989), β-Actin (Kawamoto et al, 1988; Ng et al; 1989), Muscle Creatine Kinase (MCK) (Jaynes et al, 1988; Horlick et al, 1989; Johnson et al, 1989), Prealbumin (Transthyretin) (Costa et al, 1988), Elastase I (Omitz et al, 1987), Metallothionein (MTII) (Karin et al, 1987; Culotta et al, 1989), Collagenase (Pinkert et al, 1987; Angel et al, 1987), Albumin (Pinkert et al, 1987; Tranche et al, 1989, 1990), α-Fetoprotein (Godbout et al, 1988; Campere et al, 1989), γ-Globin (Bodine et al, 1987; Perez-Stable et al, 1990), β-Globin (Trudel et al, 1987), c-fos (Cohen et al, 1987), c-HA-ras (Triesman, 1986; Deschamps et al, 1985), Insulin (Edlund et al, 1985), Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) (Hirsh et al, 1990), αl-Antitrypain (Larimer et al, 1990), H2B (TH2B) Histone (Hwang et al, 1990), Mouse and/or Type I Collagen (Ripe et al, 1989), Glucose-Regulated Proteins (GRP94 and GRP78) (Chang et al, 1989), Rat Growth Hormone (Larsen et al, 1986), Human Serum Amyloid A (SAA) (Edbrooke et al, 1989), Troponin I (TN I) (Yutzey et al, 1989), Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) (Pech et al, 1989), Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (Klamut et al, 1990), SV40 (Banerji et al, 1981; Moreau et al, 1981; Sleigh et al, 1985; Firak et al, 1986; Herr et al, 1986; Imbra et al, 1986; Kadesch et al, 1986; Wang et al, 1986; Ondek et al, 1987; Kuhl et al, 1987; Schaffner et al, 1988), Polyoma (Swartzendruber et al, 1975; Vasseur et al, 1980; Katinka et al, 1980, 1981; Tyndell et al, 1981; Dandolo et al, 1983; de Villiers et al, 1984; Hen et al, 1986; Satake et al, 1988; Campbell et al, 1988), Retroviruses (Kriegler et al, 1982, 1983; Levinson et al, 1982; Kriegler et al, 1983, 1984a, b, 1988; Bosze et al, 1986; Miksicek et al, 1986; Celander et al, 1987; Thiesen et al, 1988; Celander et al, 1988; Choi et al, 1988; Reisman et al, 1989), Papilloma Virus (Campo et al, 1983; Lusky et al, 1983; Spandidos and Wilkie, 1983; Spalholz et al, 1985; Lusky et al, 1986; Cripe et al, 1987; Gloss et al, 1987; Hirochika et al, 1987; Stephens et al, 1987), Hepatitis B Virus (Bulla et al, 1986; Jameel et al, 1986; Shaul et al, 1987; Spandau et al, 1988; Vannice et al, 1988), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Muesing et al, 1987; Hauber et al, 1988; Jakobovits et al, 1988; Feng et al, 1988; Takebe et al, 1988; Rosen et al, 1988; Berkhout et al, 1989; Laspia et al, 1989; Sharp et al, 1989; Braddock et al, 1989), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) IE (Weber et al, 1984; Boshart et al, 1985; Foecking et al, 1986), Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus (Holbrook et al, 1987; Quinn et al, 1989).

Inducible Elements include, but are not limited to MT II-Phorbol Ester (TFA)/Heavy metals (Palmiter et al, 1982; Haslinger et al, 1985; Searle et al, 1985; Stuart et al, 1985; Imagawa et al, 1987, Karin et al, 1987; Angel et al, 1987b; McNeall et al, 1989); MMTV (mouse mammary tumor virus)—Glucocorticoids (Huang et al, 1981; Lee et al, 1981; Majors et al, 1983; Chandler et al, 1983; Lee et al, 1984; Ponta et al, 1985; Sakai et al, 1988); β-Interferon—poly(rl)x/poly(rc) (Tavernier et al, 1983); Adenovirus 5 E2-EIA (Imperiale et al, 1984); Collagenase—Phorbol Ester (TPA) (Angel et al, 1987a); Stromelysin—Phorbol Ester (TPA) (Angel et al, 1987b); SV40-Phorbol Ester (TPA) (Angel et al, 1987b); Murine MX Gene—Interferon, Newcastle Disease Virus (Hug et al, 1988); GRP78 Gene—A23187 (Resendez et al, 1988); α-2-Macroglobulin—IL-6 (Kunz et al, 1989); Vimentin—Serum (Rittling et al, 1989); MHC Class I Gene H-2Kb—Interferon (Blanar et al, 1989); HSP70-E1A/SV40 Large T Antigen (Taylor et al, 1989, 1990a, 1990b); Proliferin—Phorbol Ester/TPA (Mordacq et al, 1989); Tumor Necrosis Factor—PMA (Hensel et al, 1989); and Thyroid Stimulating Hormoneα Gene—Thyroid Hormone (Chatterjee et al, 1989).

Also contemplated as useful in the present invention are the dectin-1 and dectin-2 promoters. Additionally any promoter/enhancer combination (as per the Eukaryotic Promoter Data Base EPDB) could also be used to drive expression of structural genes encoding oligosaccharide processing enzymes, protein folding accessory proteins, selectable marker proteins or a heterologous protein of interest.

The particular promoter that is employed to control the expression of peptide or protein encoding polynucleotide of the invention is not believed to be critical, so long as it is capable of expressing the polynucleotide in a targeted cell, preferably a bacterial cell. Where a human cell is targeted, it is preferable to position the polynucleotide coding region adjacent to and under the control of a promoter that is capable of being expressed in a human cell. Generally speaking, such a promoter might include either a bacterial, human or viral promoter.

In various embodiments, the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate early gene promoter, the SV40 early promoter, and the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat can be used to obtain high level expression of a related polynucleotide to this invention. The use of other viral or mammalian cellular or bacterial phage promoters, which are well known in the art, to achieve expression of polynucleotides is contemplated as well.

In embodiments in which a vector is administered to a subject for expression of the protein, it is contemplated that a desirable promoter for use with the vector is one that is not down-regulated by cytokines or one that is strong enough that even if down-regulated, it produces an effective amount of the protein/polypeptide of the current invention in a subject to elicit an immune response. Non-limiting examples of these are CMV IE and RSV LTR. In other embodiments, a promoter that is up-regulated in the presence of cytokines is employed. The MHC I promoter increases expression in the presence of IFN-γ.

Tissue specific promoters can be used, particularly if expression is in cells in which expression of an antigen is desirable, such as dendritic cells or macrophages. The mammalian MHC I and MHC II promoters are examples of such tissue-specific promoters. 2. Initiation Signals and Internal Ribosome Binding Sites ORES)

A specific initiation signal also may be required for efficient translation of coding sequences. These signals include the ATG initiation codon or adjacent sequences. Exogenous translational control signals, including the ATG initiation codon, may need to be provided. One of ordinary skill in the art would readily be capable of determining this and providing the necessary signals. It is well known that the initiation codon must be “in-frame” with the reading frame of the desired coding sequence to ensure translation of the entire insert. The exogenous translational control signals and initiation codons can be either natural or synthetic and may be operable in bacteria or mammalian cells. The efficiency of expression may be enhanced by the inclusion of appropriate transcription enhancer elements.

In certain embodiments of the invention, the use of internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) elements are used to create multigene, or polycistronic, messages. IRES elements are able to bypass the ribosome scanning model of 5′ methylated Cap dependent translation and begin translation at internal sites (Pelletier and Sonenberg, 1988). IRES elements from two members of the picornavirus family (polio and encephalomyocarditis) have been described (Pelletier and Sonenberg, 1988), as well as an IRES from a mammalian message (Macejak and Sarnow, 1991). IRES elements can be linked to heterologous open reading frames. Multiple open reading frames can be transcribed together, each separated by an IRES, creating polycistronic messages. By virtue of the IRES element, each open reading frame is accessible to ribosomes for efficient translation. Multiple genes can be efficiently expressed using a single promoter/enhancer to transcribe a single message (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,925,565 and 5,935,819, herein incorporated by reference).

2. Multiple Cloning Sites

Vectors can include a multiple cloning site (MCS), which is a nucleic acid region that contains multiple restriction enzyme sites, any of which can be used in conjunction with standard recombinant technology to digest the vector. (See Carbonelli et al, 1999, Levenson et al, 1998, and Cocea, 1997, incorporated herein by reference.) Frequently, a vector is linearized or fragmented using a restriction enzyme that cuts within the MCS to enable exogenous sequences to be ligated to the vector. Techniques involving restriction enzymes and ligation reactions are well known to those of skill in the art of recombinant technology.

3. Splicing Sites

Most transcribed eukaryotic RNA molecules will undergo RNA splicing to remove introns from the primary transcripts. If relevant in the context of vectors of the present invention, vectors containing genomic eukaryotic sequences may require donor and/or acceptor splicing sites to ensure proper processing of the transcript for protein expression. (See Chandler et al, 1997, incorporated herein by reference.)

4. Termination Signals

The vectors or constructs of the present invention will generally comprise at least one termination signal. A “termination signal” or “terminator” is comprised of the DNA sequences involved in specific termination of an RNA transcript by an RNA polymerase. Thus, in certain embodiments a termination signal that ends the production of an RNA transcript is contemplated. A terminator may be necessary in vivo to achieve desirable message levels.

In eukaryotic systems, the terminator region may also comprise specific DNA sequences that permit site-specific cleavage of the new transcript so as to expose a polyadenylation site. This signals a specialized endogenous polymerase to add a stretch of about 200 A residues (poly A) to the 3′ end of the transcript. RNA molecules modified with this polyA tail appear to more stable and are translated more efficiently. Thus, in other embodiments involving eukaryotes, it is preferred that that terminator comprises a signal for the cleavage of the RNA, and it is more preferred that the terminator signal promotes polyadenylation of the message.

Terminators contemplated for use in the invention include any known terminator of transcription described herein or known to one of ordinary skill in the art, including but not limited to, for example, the bovine growth hormone terminator or viral termination sequences, such as the SV40 terminator. In certain embodiments, the termination signal may be a lack of transcribable or translatable sequence, such as due to a sequence truncation.

5. Polyadenylation Signals

In expression, particularly eukaryotic expression (as is relevant in nucleic acid vaccination), one will typically include a polyadenylation signal to effect proper polyadenylation of the transcript. The nature of the polyadenylation signal is not believed to be crucial to the successful practice of the invention, and/or any such sequence may be employed. Preferred embodiments include the SV40 polyadenylation signal and/or the bovine growth hormone polyadenylation signal, convenient and/or known to function well in various target cells. Polyadenylation may increase the stability of the transcript or may facilitate cytoplasmic transport.

6. Origins of Replication

In order to propagate a vector in a host cell, it may contain one or more origins of replication sites (often termed “on”), which is a specific nucleic acid sequence at which replication is initiated. Alternatively an autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) can be employed if the host cell is yeast.

7. Selectable and Screenable Markers

In certain embodiments of the invention, cells containing a nucleic acid construct of the present invention may be identified in vitro or in vivo by encoding a screenable or selectable marker in the expression vector. When transcribed and translated, a marker confers an identifiable change to the cell permitting easy identification of cells containing the expression vector. Generally, a selectable marker is one that confers a property that allows for selection. A positive selectable marker is one in which the presence of the marker allows for its selection, while a negative selectable marker is one in which its presence prevents its selection. An example of a positive selectable marker is a drug resistance marker.

Usually the inclusion of a drug selection marker aids in the cloning and identification of transformants, for example, markers that confer resistance to neomycin, puromycin, hygromycin, DHFR, GPT, zeocin or histidinol are useful selectable markers. In addition to markers conferring a phenotype that allows for the discrimination of transformants based on the implementation of conditions, other types of markers including screenable markers such as GFP for colorimetric analysis. Alternatively, screenable enzymes such as herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (tk) or chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) may be utilized. One of skill in the art would also know how to employ immunologic markers that can be used in conjunction with FACS analysis. The marker used is not believed to be important, so long as it is capable of being expressed simultaneously with the nucleic acid encoding a protein of the invention. Further examples of selectable and screenable markers are well known to one of skill in the art.

The Transformed Cells of the Invention

Transformed cells of the invention are useful as organisms for producing the polypeptide of the invention, but also as simple “containers” of nucleic acids and vectors of the invention.

Certain transformed cells of the invention are capable of replicating the nucleic acid fragment defined for option i) of the second aspect of the invention. Preferred transformed cells of the invention are capable of expressing the nucleic acid fragment defined for option i).

For recombinant production it is convenient, but not a prerequisite that the transformed cell according is prokaryotic, such as a bacterium, but generally both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells may be used.

Suitable prokaryotic cells are bacterial cells selected from the group consisting of Escherichia (such as E. coli.), Bacillus [e.g. Bacillus subtilis], Salmonella, and Mycobacterium [preferably non-pathogenic, e.g. M. bovis BCG].

Eukaryotic cells can be in the form of yeasts (such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and protozoans. Alternatively, the transformed eukaryotic cells are derived from a multicellular organism such as a fungus, an insect cell, a plant cell, or a mammalian cell.

For production purposes, it is advantageous that the transformed cell of the invention is stably transformed by having the nucleic acid defined above for option i) stably integrated into its genome, and in certain embodiments it is also preferred that the transformed cell secretes or carries on its surface the polypeptide of the invention, since this facilitates recovery of the polypeptides produced. A particular version of this embodiment is one where the transformed cell is a bacterium and secretion of the polypeptide of the invention is into the periplasmic space.

As noted above, stably transformed cells are preferred—these inter alia (i.a.) allows that cell lines comprised of transformed cells as defined herein may be established—such cell lines are particularly preferred aspects of the invention.

Further details on cells and cell lines are presented in the following:

Suitable cells for recombinant nucleic acid expression of the nucleic acid fragments of the present invention are prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Examples of prokaryotic cells include E. coli; members of the Staphylococcus genus, such as S. epidermidis; members of the Lactobacillus genus, such as L. plantarum; members of the Lactococcus genus, such as L. lactis; members of the Bacillus genus, such as B. subtilis; members of the Corynebacterium genus such as C. glutamicum; and members of the Pseudomonas genus such as Ps. fluorescens. Examples of eukaryotic cells include mammalian cells; insect cells; yeast cells such as members of the Saccharomyces genus (e.g. S. cerevisiae), members of the Pichia genus (e.g. P. pastoris), members of the Hansenula genus (e.g. H. polymorpha), members of the Kluyveromyces genus (e.g. K. lactis or K. fragilis) and members of the Schizosaccharomyces genus (e.g. S. pombe).

Techniques for recombinant gene production, introduction into a cell, and recombinant gene expression are well known in the art. Examples of such techniques are provided in references such as Ausubel, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley, 1987-2002, and Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, 2 nd Edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989.

As used herein, the terms “cell,” “cell line,” and “cell culture” may be used interchangeably. All of these terms also include their progeny, which is any and all subsequent generations. It is understood that all progeny may not be identical due to deliberate or inadvertent mutations. In the context of expressing a heterologous nucleic acid sequence, “host cell” refers to a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell, and it includes any transformable organism that is capable of replicating a vector or expressing a heterologous gene encoded by a vector. A host cell can, and has been, used as a recipient for vectors or viruses. A host cell may be “transfected” or “transformed,” which refers to a process by which exogenous nucleic acid, such as a recombinant protein-encoding sequence, is transferred or introduced into the host cell. A transformed cell includes the primary subject cell and its progeny.

Host cells may be derived from prokaryotes or eukaryotes, including bacteria, yeast cells, insect cells, and mammalian cells for replication of the vector or expression of part or all of the nucleic acid sequence(s). Numerous cell lines and cultures are available for use as a host cell, and they can be obtained through the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), which is an organization that serves as an archive for living cultures and genetic materials (www.atcc.org) or from other depository institutions such as Deutsche Sammlung vor Micrroorganismen and Zellkulturen (DSM). An appropriate host can be determined by one of skill in the art based on the vector backbone and the desired result. A plasmid or cosmid, for example, can be introduced into a prokaryote host cell for replication of many vectors or expression of encoded proteins. Bacterial cells used as host cells for vector replication and/or expression include Staphylococcus strains, DH5a, JMI 09, and KCB, as well as a number of commercially available bacterial hosts such as SURE® Competent Cells and SOLOP ACK™ Gold Cells (STRATAGENE®, La Jolla, Calif.). Alternatively, bacterial cells such as E. coli LE392 could be used as host cells for phage viruses. Appropriate yeast cells include Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces pombe, and Pichia pastoris.

Examples of eukaryotic host cells for replication and/or expression of a vector include HeLa, NIH3T3, Jurkat, 293, Cos, CHO, Saos, and PC12. Many host cells from various cell types and organisms are available and would be known to one of skill in the art. Similarly, a viral vector may be used in conjunction with either a eukaryotic or prokaryotic host cell, particularly one that is permissive for replication or expression of the vector.

Some vectors may employ control sequences that allow it to be replicated and/or expressed in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. One of skill in the art would further understand the conditions under which to incubate all of the above described host cells to maintain them and to permit replication of a vector. Also understood and known are techniques and conditions that would allow large-scale production of vectors, as well as production of the nucleic acids encoded by vectors and their cognate polypeptides, proteins, or peptides.

Expression Systems

Numerous expression systems exist that comprise at least a part or all of the compositions discussed above. Prokaryote- and/or eukaryote-based systems can be employed for use with the present invention to produce nucleic acid sequences, or their cognate polypeptides, proteins and peptides. Many such systems are commercially and widely available.

The insect cell/baculovirus system can produce a high level of protein expression of a heterologous nucleic acid segment, such as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,871,986, 4,879,236, both herein incorporated by reference, and which can be bought, for example, under the name MAXBAC® 2.0 from INVITROGEN® and BACPACK™ Baculovirus expression system from CLONTECH®.

In addition to the disclosed expression systems of the invention, other examples of expression systems include STRATAGENE®'s COMPLETE CONTROL™ Inducible Mammalian Expression System, which involves a synthetic ecdysone-inducible receptor, or its pET Expression System, an E. coli expression system. Another example of an inducible expression system is available from INVITROGEN®, which carries the 1-REX™ (tetracycline-regulated expression) System, an inducible mammalian expression system that uses the full-length CMV promoter. INVITROGEN® also provides a yeast expression system called the Pichia methanolica Expression System, which is designed for high-level production of recombinant proteins in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia methanolica. One of skill in the art would know how to express a vector, such as an expression construct, to produce a nucleic acid sequence or its cognate polypeptide, protein, or peptide.

Amplification of Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids used as a template for amplification may be isolated from cells, tissues or other samples according to standard methodologies (Sambrook et al, 2001). In certain embodiments, analysis is performed on whole cell or tissue homogenates or biological fluid samples without substantial purification of the template nucleic acid. The nucleic acid may be genomic DNA or fractionated or whole cell RNA. Where RNA is used, it may be desired to first convert the RNA to a complementary DNA.

The term “primer,” as used herein, is meant to encompass any nucleic acid that is capable of priming the synthesis of a nascent nucleic acid in a template-dependent process. Typically, primers are oligonucleotides from ten to twenty and/or thirty base pairs in length, but longer sequences can be employed. Primers may be provided in double-stranded and/or single-stranded form, although the single-stranded form is preferred.

Pairs of primers designed to selectively hybridize to nucleic acids corresponding to sequences of genes identified herein are contacted with the template nucleic acid under conditions that permit selective hybridization. Depending upon the desired application, high stringency hybridization conditions may be selected that will only allow hybridization to sequences that are completely complementary to the primers. In other embodiments, hybridization may occur under reduced stringency to allow for amplification of nucleic acids containing one or more mismatches with the primer sequences. Once hybridized, the template-primer complex is contacted with one or more enzymes that facilitate template-dependent nucleic acid synthesis. Multiple rounds of amplification, also referred to as “cycles,” are conducted until a sufficient amount of amplification product is produced.

The amplification product may be detected or quantified. In certain applications, the detection may be performed by visual means. Alternatively, the detection may involve indirect identification of the product via chemiluminescence, radioactive scintigraphy of incorporated radiolabel or fluorescent label or even via a system using electrical and/or thermal impulse signals (Bellus, 1994).

A number of template dependent processes are available to amplify the oligonucleotide sequences present in a given template sample. One of the best known amplification methods is the polymerase chain reaction (referred to as PCR™) which is described in detail in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,683,195, 4,683,202 and 4,800,159, and in Innis et al., 1988, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Alternative methods for amplification of target nucleic acid sequences that may be used in the practice of the present invention are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,843,650, 5,846,709, 5,846,783, 5,849,546, 5,849,497, 5,849,547, 5,858,652, 5,866,366, 5,916,776, 5,922,574, 5,928,905, 5,928,906, 5,932,451, 5,935,825, 5,939,291 and 5,942,391, GB Application No. 2 202 328, and in PCT Application No. PCT/US89/01025, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Methods of Gene Transfer

Suitable methods for nucleic acid delivery to effect expression of compositions of the present invention are believed to include virtually any method by which a nucleic acid (e.g., DNA, including viral and nonviral vectors) can be introduced into a cell, a tissue or an organism, as described herein or as would be known to one of ordinary skill in the art. Such methods include, but are not limited to, direct delivery of DNA such as by injection (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,994,624, 5,981,274, 5,945,100, 5,780,448, 5,736,524, 5,702,932, 5,656,610, 5,589,466 and 5,580,859, each incorporated herein by reference), including microinjection (Harland and Weintraub, 1985; U.S. Pat. No. 5,789,215, incorporated herein by reference); by electroporation (U.S. Pat. No. 5,384,253, incorporated herein by reference); by calcium phosphate precipitation (Graham and Van Der Eb, 1973; Chen and Okayama, 1987; Rippe et al., 1990); by using DEAE dextran followed by polyethylene glycol (Gopal, 1985); by direct sonic loading (Fechheimer et al, 1987); by liposome mediated transfection (Nicolau and Sene, 1982; Fraley et al, 1979; Nicolau et al, 1987; Wong et al, 1980; Kaneda et al, 1989; Kato et al, 1991); by microprojectile bombardment (PCT Application Nos. WO 94/09699 and 95/06128; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,610,042; 5,322,783 5,563,055, 5,550,318, 5,538,877 and 5,538,880, and each incorporated herein by reference); by agitation with silicon carbide fibers (Kaeppler et al, 1990; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,302,523 and 5,464,765, each incorporated herein by reference); by Agrobacterium mediated transformation (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,591,616 and 5,563,055, each incorporated herein by reference); or by PEG mediated transformation of protoplasts (Omirulleh et al, 1993; U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,684,611 and 4,952,500, each incorporated herein by reference); by desiccation/inhibition mediated DNA uptake (Potrykus et al, 1985). Through the application of techniques such as these, organelle(s), cell(s), tissue(s) or organism(s) may be stably or transiently transformed.

The Antibodies of the Invention—and their Production/Isolation

Antibodies directed against the proteins of the invention are useful for affinity chromatography, immunoassays, and for distinguishing/identifying Staphylococcus proteins as well as for passive immunisation and therapy.

Antibodies to the proteins of the invention, both polyclonal and monoclonal, may be prepared by conventional methods. In general, the protein is first used to immunize a suitable animal, preferably a mouse, rat, rabbit or goat. Rabbits and goats are preferred for the preparation of polyclonal sera due to the volume of serum obtainable, and the availability of labeled anti-rabbit and anti-goat antibodies. Immunization is generally performed by mixing or emulsifying the protein in saline, preferably in an adjuvant such as Freund's complete adjuvant, and injecting the mixture or emulsion parenterally (generally subcutaneously or intramuscularly). A dose of 50-200 μg/injection is typically sufficient. Immunization is generally boosted 2-6 weeks later with one or more injections of the protein in saline, preferably using Freund's incomplete adjuvant. One may alternatively generate antibodies by in vitro immunization using methods known in the art, which for the purposes of this invention is considered equivalent to in vivo immunization. Polyclonal antiserum is obtained by bleeding the immunized animal into a glass or plastic container, incubating the blood at 25 C for one hour, followed by incubating at 4 C for 2-18 hours. The serum is recovered by centrifugation (e.g. 1,000 g for 10 minutes). About 20-50 ml per bleed may be obtained from rabbits.

Monoclonal antibodies are prepared using the standard method of Kohler & Milstein [Nature (1975) 256: 495-96], or a modification thereof. Typically, a mouse or rat is immunized as described above. However, rather than bleeding the animal to extract serum, the spleen (and optionally several large lymph nodes) is removed and dissociated into single cells. If desired, the spleen cells may be screened (after removal of nonspecifically adherent cells) by applying a cell suspension to a plate or well coated with the protein antigen. B-cells expressing membrane-bound immunoglobulin specific for the antigen bind to the plate, and are not rinsed away with the rest of the suspension. Resulting B-cells, or all dissociated spleen cells, are then induced to fuse with myeloma cells to form hybridomas, and are cultured in a selective medium (e.g. hypexanthine, aminopterin, thymidine medium, “HAT”). The resulting hybridomas are plated by limiting dilution, and are assayed for production of antibodies, which bind specifically to the immunizing antigen (and which do not bind to unrelated antigens). The selected MAb-secreting hybridomas are then cultured either in vitro (e.g. in tissue culture bottles or hollow fiber reactors), or in vivo (as ascites in mice).

If desired, the antibodies (whether polyclonal or monoclonal) may be labeled using conventional techniques. Suitable labels include fluorophores, chromophores, radioactive atoms (particularly 32p and 1251), electron-dense reagents, enzymes, and ligands having specific binding partners. Enzymes are typically detected by their activity. For example, horseradish peroxidase is usually detected by its ability to convert 3,3′, 5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to a blue pigment, quantifiable with a spectrophotometer. “Specific binding partner” refers to a protein capable of binding a ligand molecule with high specificity, as for example in the case of an antigen and a monoclonal antibody specific therefor. Other specific binding partners include biotin and avidin or streptavidin, IgG and protein A, and the numerous receptor-ligand couples known in the art. It should be understood that the above description is not meant to categorize the various labels into distinct classes, as the same label may serve in several different modes. For example, 1151 may serve as a radioactive label or as an electron-dense reagent. HRP may serve as enzyme or as antigen for a MAb. Further, one may combine various labels for desired effect. For example, MAbs and avidin also require labels in the practice of this invention: thus, one might label a MAb with biotin, and detect its presence with avidin labeled with, 125I, or with an anti-biotin MAb labeled with HRP. Other permutations and possibilities will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, and are considered as equivalents within the scope of the instant invention.

According to the invention, the isolated monoclonal antibody or antibody analogue is preferably a monoclonal antibody selected from a multi-domain antibody such as a murine antibody, a chimeric antibody such as a humanized antibody, a fully human antibody, and single-domain antibody of a llama or a camel, or which is an antibody analogue selected from a fragment of an antibody such as an Fab or an F(ab′)₂, an scFV; cf. also the definition of the term “antibody” presented above.

Compositions of the Invention; Vaccines

Pharmaceutical compositions, in particular vaccines, according to the invention may either be prophylactic (i.e. to prevent infection) or therapeutic (i.e. to treat disease after infection).

Such vaccines comprise immunising antigen(s), immunogen(s), polypeptide(s), protein(s) or nucleic acid(s), usually in combination with “pharmaceutically acceptable carriers”, which include any carrier that does not itself induce the production of antibodies harmful to the individual receiving the composition. Suitable carriers are typically large, slowly metabolized macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, polylactic acids, polyglycolic acids, polymeric amino acids, amino acid copolymers, lipid aggregates (such as oil droplets or liposomes), and inactive virus particles.

Such carriers are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Additionally, these carriers may function as immunostimulating agents (“adjuvants”). Furthermore, the antigen or immunogen may be conjugated to a bacterial toxoid, such as a toxoid from diphtheria, tetanus, cholera, H. pylori, etc. pathogen, cf. the description of immunogenic carriers supra.

The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention thus typically contain an immunological adjuvant, which is commonly an aluminium based adjuvant or one of the other adjuvants described in the following:

Preferred adjuvants to enhance effectiveness of the composition include, but are not limited to: (1) aluminum salts (alum), such as aluminum hydroxide, aluminum phosphate, aluminum sulfate, etc; (2) oil-in-water emulsion formulations (with or without other specific immunostimulating agents such as muramyl peptides (see below) or bacterial cell wall components), such as for example (a) MF59 (WO 90/14837; Chapter 10 in Vaccine design: the subunit and adjuvant approach, eds. Powell & Newman, Plenum Press 1995), containing 5% Squalene, 0.5% Tween 80, and 0.5% Span 85 (optionally containing various amounts of MTP-PE (see below), although not required) formulated into submicron particles using a microfluidizer such as Model 110Y microfluidizer (Microfluidics, Newton, Mass.), (b) SAF, containing 10% Squalane, 0.4% Tween 80, 5% pluronic-blocked polymer L121, and thr-MDP (see below) either microfluidized into a submicron emulsion or vortexed to generate a larger particle size emulsion, and (c) Ribi adjuvant system (RAS), (Ribi Immunochem, Hamilton, Mont.) containing 2% Squalene, 0.2% Tween 80, and one or more bacterial cell wall components from the group consisting of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), trehalose dimycolate (TDM), and cell wall skeleton (CWS), preferably MPL+CWS (Detox™); (3) saponin adjuvants such as Stimulon™ (Cambridge Bioscience, Worcester, Mass.) may be used or particles generated therefrom such as ISCOMs (immunostimulating complexes); (4) Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) and Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (IFA); (5) cytokines, such as interleukins (e.g. IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-12, etc.), interferons (e.g. gamma interferon), macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), etc.; and (6) other substances that act as immunostimulating agents to enhance the effectiveness of the composition. Alum and MF59™ adjuvants are preferred.

As mentioned above, muramyl peptides include, but are not limited to, N-acetyl-muramyl-L-threonyl-D-isoglutamine (thr-MDP), N-acetyl-normuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (nor-MDP), N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-alanine-2″-2′-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-hydroxyphosphoryloxy)-ethylamine (MTP-PE), etc.

The immunogenic compositions (e.g. the immunising antigen or immunogen or polypeptide or protein or nucleic acid, pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and adjuvant) typically will contain diluents, such as water, saline, glycerol, ethanol, etc. Additionally, auxiliary substances, such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering substances, and the like, may be present in such vehicles.

Typically, the immunogenic compositions are prepared as injectables, either as liquid solutions or suspensions; solid forms suitable for solution in, or suspension in, liquid vehicles prior to injection may also be prepared. The preparation also may be emulsified or encapsulated in liposomes for enhanced adjuvant effect, as discussed above under pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.

Immunogenic compositions used as vaccines comprise an immunologically effective amount of the antigenic or immunogenic polypeptides, as well as any other of the above-mentioned components, as needed. By “immunologically effective amount”, it is meant that the administration of that amount to an individual, either in a single dose or as part of a series, is effective for treatment or prevention. This amount varies depending upon the health and physical condition of the individual to be treated, the taxonomic group of individual to be treated (e.g. nonhuman primate, primate, etc.), the capacity of the individual's immune system to synthesize antibodies or generally mount an immune response, the degree of protection desired, the formulation of the vaccine, the treating doctor's assessment of the medical situation, and other relevant factors. It is expected that the amount will fall in a relatively broad range that can be determined through routine trials. However, for the purposes of protein vaccination, the amount administered per immunization is typically in the range between 0.5 μg and 500 mg (however, often not higher than 5,000 μg), and very often in the range between 10 and 200 μg.

The immunogenic compositions are conventionally administered parenterally, e.g. by injection, either subcutaneously, intramuscularly, or transdermally/transcutaneously (e.g. WO98/20734). Additional formulations suitable for other modes of administration include oral and pulmonary formulations, suppositories, and transdermal applications. In the case of nucleic acid vaccination, also the intravenous or intraarterial routes may be applicable.

Dosage treatment may be a single dose schedule or a multiple dose schedule. The vaccine may be administered in conjunction with other immunoregulatory agents.

As an alternative to protein-based vaccines, DNA vaccination (also termed nucleic acid vaccination or gene vaccination) may be used [e.g. Robinson & Torres (1997) Seminars in Immunol 9: 271-283; Donnelly et al. (1997) Avnu Rev Immunol 15: 617-648; later herein].

Treatment Methods of the Invention

The method of the sixth aspect of the invention generally relates to induction of immunity and as such also entails method that relate to treatment, prophylaxis and amelioration of disease.

When immunization methods entail that a polypeptide of the invention or a composition comprising such a polypeptide is administered the animal (e.g. the human) typically receives between 0.5 and 5,000 μg of the polypeptide of the invention per administration.

In preferred embodiments of the sixth aspect, the immunization scheme includes that the animal (e.g. the human) receives a priming administration and one or more booster administrations.

Preferred embodiments of the 6^(th) aspect of the invention comprise that the administration is for the purpose of inducing protective immunity against S. aureus. In this embodiment it is particularly preferred that the protective immunity is effective in reducing the risk of attracting infection with S. aureus or is effective in treating or ameliorating infection with S. aureus.

As mention herein, the preferred vaccines of the invention induce humoral immunity, so it is preferred that the administration is for the purpose of inducing antibodies specific for S. aureus and wherein said antibodies or B-lymphocytes producing said antibodies are subsequently recovered from the animal.

But, as also mentioned the method of the 6^(th) aspect may also be useful in antibody production, so in other embodiments the administration is for the purpose of inducing antibodies specific for S. aureus and wherein B-lymphocytes producing said antibodies are subsequently recovered from the animal and used for preparation of monoclonal antibodies.

Pharmaceutical compositions can as mentioned above comprise polypeptides, antibodies, or nucleic acids of the invention. The pharmaceutical compositions will comprise a therapeutically effective amount thereof.

The term “therapeutically effective amount” or “prophylactically effective amount” as used herein refers to an amount of a therapeutic agent to treat, ameliorate, or prevent a desired disease or condition, or to exhibit a detectable therapeutic or preventative effect. The effect can be detected by, for example, chemical markers or antigen levels. Therapeutic effects also include reduction in physical symptoms, such as decreased body temperature. The precise effective amount for a subject will depend upon the subject's size and health, the nature and extent of the condition, and the therapeutics or combination of therapeutics selected for administration. Thus, it is not useful to specify an exact effective amount in advance. Reference is however made to the ranges for dosages of immunologically effective amounts of polypeptides, cf. above.

However, the effective amount for a given situation can be determined by routine experimentation and is within the judgement of the clinician.

For purposes of the present invention, an effective dose will be from about 0.01 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg or 0.05 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg of the DNA constructs in the individual to which it is administered.

A pharmaceutical composition can also contain a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” refers to a carrier for administration of a therapeutic agent, such as antibodies or a polypeptide, genes, and other therapeutic agents. The term refers to any pharmaceutical carrier that does not itself induce the production of antibodies harmful to the individual receiving the composition, and which may be administered without undue toxicity. Suitable carriers may be large, slowly metabolized macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, polylactic acids, polyglycolic acids, polymeric amino acids, amino acid copolymers, and inactive virus particles. Such carriers are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

Pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be used therein, for example, mineral acid salts such as hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, phosphates, sulfates, and the like; and the salts of organic acids such as acetates, propionates, malonates, benzoates, and the like. A thorough discussion of pharmaceutically acceptable excipients is available in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (Mack Pub. Co., N.J. 1991).

Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers in therapeutic compositions may contain liquids such as water, saline, glycerol and ethanol. Additionally, auxiliary substances, such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering substances, and the like, may be present in such vehicles. Typically, the therapeutic compositions are prepared as injectables, either as liquid solutions or suspensions; solid forms suitable for solution in, or suspension in, liquid vehicles prior to injection may also be prepared. Liposomes are included within the definition of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

As is apparent from the claim, the invention also relates to related embodiments to the treatment and prophylaxis disclosed herein: the invention also includes embodiments where

-   -   the polypeptide of the invention is for use as a pharmaceutical,         in particular for use as a pharmaceutical in the treatment,         prophylaxis or amelioration of infection with S. aureus;     -   the nucleic acid fragment of the invention or the vector of the         invention is for use as a pharmaceutical, in particular for use         as a pharmaceutical in the treatment, prophylaxis or         amelioration of infection with S. aureus;     -   the transformed cell of the invention is for use as a         pharmaceutical, in particular for use as a pharmaceutical in the         treatment, prophylaxis or amelioration of infection with S.         aureus.     -   the antibody, antibody fragment or antibody analogue of the         invention is for use as a pharmaceutical, in particular for use         as a pharmaceutical in the treatment, prophylaxis or         amelioration of infection with S. aureus.

EXAMPLE

Protocol for Testing S. aureus Derived Vaccines in Mice Expression and Purification of S. aureus Genes

1. Gene fragments that encode the selected S. aureus polypeptides of the invention are prepared synthetically and are introduced into the pQE-1 vector (Qiagen) from Genscript. The fragments are inserted by blunt ended ligation into the PVU II site in the 5′-end, immediately following the vector's coding region for the 6 histidinyl residues. In the 3′-end, all inserted gene fragments include a stop codon.

2. The vectors from 1 are transfected into the E. Coli M15[pREP4] strain, which contains an expression as well as a repressor plasmid facilitating proper expression.

3. The vectors from 1 are further inserted into the E. coli XL1 Blue for long-time storage.

4. The transfected and selected clones are tested for expression in small scale whereby optimum conditions for expression in terms of the amount of IPTG, the density of cells and the time of expression induction are determined.

5. From the information obtained in 4, large scale cultures are established; subsequently the expression products are harvested and purified on a Ni-NTA column.

6. Purity and yield of the large-scale expression is investigated by means of SDS-PAGE and spectrophotometry, whereafter the proteins are aliquoted for use in immunization experiments and other experiments.

Immunization and S. aureus Challenge Infection in Mice (Zhou et al. 2006 Vaccine 24, 4830-4837)

1. 2 months old NMRI mice were used.

2. Groups of 8 mice (unless other numbers are indicated) were used for immunization. The mice were immunized 3 times (at day 0, 14, and 28) prior to challenge infection. A control group of 8 mice was treated according to an identical protocol with the exception that an irrelevant protein antigen was used for immunization.

1st Immunization:

50 μg protein (per mice) was mixed with 100 μl aluminum hydroxide (Alhydrogel 2.0%, Brenntag) per 125 μg protein and incubated with end-over-end rotation for 15 min. Freund's incomplete adjuvant (sigma) was added in the volume 1:1 and the mixture was vortexed thoroughly for 1 hour. This mixture was injected subcutaneously

2nd and 3rd Immunization

The mice were booster injected intraperitoneally with 2 weeks interval, using the same amount of protein mixed with aluminum hydroxide and physiological saline solution.

3. One week after the last immunization 250 μl blood is drawn from the mice in order to determine the antibody titer.

4. 14 days after the last immunization, a number of bacteria (2×10⁹ cells) corresponding to a predetermined LD₉₀ in the control group of mice was administered intraperitoneally to all mice.

The cells were handled cold and kept on ice until use. The stock solution of MRSA cells were thawed on ice and then the appropriate amount of cells in sterile physiological saline (total volume per mouse 500 μl).

The survival was surveilled twice daily in the first 48 hours after challenge and once daily in the subsequent 7 days. The mice were sacrificed if they showed signs of suffering. The mice were monitored with respect to loss of weight and body temperature using an implanted chip. The organs of the mice were used for determination of CFU counts.

Test of Antibody Titer

Maxisorp microtiter plates (Nunc, Roskilde, Denmark) were coated overnight with 1 μg/ml recombinant peptide (His-tagged SAR-protein), 100 μl/well.

The next day the plates were emptied and washed 3 times in PBS-Tw. After the last wash the plates were allowed to stand in PBS-Tw for a minimum of 15 minutes (blocking step).

EDTA plasma was diluted 1:100 in PBS-Tw and 200 μl was added to the first well. 100 μl of washing buffer was added to all of the other wells.

A 2-fold dilution was made by transferring 100 ml from the first well to the next, and so on. The plates were incubated at room temperature for 2 hours with shaking.

The plates were washed and 100 μl of secondary antibody was added per well (e.g. HRP conjugated polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin) and then incubated for 1 hour at room temperature with shaking.

The plates were washed and the ELISA developed.

The optical density value was used to calculate the antibody titer: [1/Dilution at ½ max absorbance].

Buffers used were:

Coating buffer: 15 mM Na₂CO₃, 35 mM NaHCO₃

PBS-Tw: PBS, 0.05% Tween-20 pH 7.4

Coloring buffer for developing the ELISA: 7.3 g citric acid, 11.86 g NaHPO₄ pH 5.0 at 1 L. OPD tablets (KemEnTec, Diagnostic) were added, 2 mg per 5 ml coloring buffer. Immediately before use, 2 ml of 35% H₂O₂ was added per tablet. 100 ml of the mixed coloring substrate was added to each well. The reaction was stopped with 100 ml 1M H₂SO₄.

Result of Challenge Studies

The polypeptides used in the challenge studies described are in the following section setting forth the results provided with identification numbers in the format “SARXXXX”. For easy reference, these polypeptides relate to the SEQ ID NOs used herein according to the following table:

SEQ ID 1: SAR2104 SEQ ID 2: SAR1879 SEQ ID 3: SAR0730 SEQ ID 4: SAR2722 SEQ ID 5: SAR1507 SEQ ID 6: SAR0222 SEQ ID 7: SAR1558 SEQ ID 8: SAR1026 SEQ ID 9: SAR1489 SEQ ID 10: SAR1819 SEQ ID 11: SAR0826 SEQ ID 12: SAR0390 SEQ ID 13: SAR0280 SEQ ID 14: SAR1816 SEQ ID 15: SAR0992 SEQ ID 16: SAR1881 SEQ ID 17: SAR0735 SEQ ID 18: SAR2119 SEQ ID 19: SAR2184

The challenge study gave the following results in term of overall survival in the vaccinated groups vs. the control groups:

Percentage of mice surviving at end of experiment Vaccine protein Vaccinated mice Control control group SAR2104-20-154 50%  0% SAR0280-28-820 75%  0% SAR0390-21-190  0%  0% SAR2104-20-154 25%  0%* SAR1879-24-184  14%*  0%* SAR0222-27-609 13%  0%* SAR1881-25-208 13%  0%* SAR2119-34-370 25%  0%* SAR0872-27-273  29%*  0%* SAR2718-24-157  17%**  0%* SAR1816-1-27  67%**  0% (50%) SAR0735-26-227 88%  0% (50%) SAR0992-428-769  29%*  0% (50%) SAR1816-46-396 63%  0% (50%) 1:1:1 Mixture of  88%^(#)   0%^(#) SAR2104-20-154 SAR0280-28-820 SAR0872-27-273 SAR0826-42-209  0% (13%) SAR0992-1-409 100%  (13%) SAR1489-343-486 75% (13%) SAR1507-1-652 88% (13%) SAR1558-21-144 38% (10%) SAR0730-22-129 100%* (13%) SAR1819-1-1274 88% (13%) SAR2722-920-948 63% (13%) SAR1972-23-91 50% (13%) SAR2104-20-154_nativ 63% (13%) SAR0280-28-820_nativ 63% (13%) *7 mice in group **6 mice in group ^(#)16 mice in group

Percentages in parentheses in control group column indicate survival rate in control group, where mice received injection with adjuvant mixture. Percentages without parentheses in control group column indicate survival rate in control group, where mice received saline only.

Results of ELISA Tests

The tables set forth on the following pages show the OD measurements and, where applicable, in vaccinated mice from the different treatment groups:

Test protein: SAR 2104-20-154 ELISA Mouse Bleed Sera dilution (OD490 nm) Plate ID No Bleed # 100 200 400 800 1600 3200 6400 12800 25600 51200 102400 204800 Juni 2104 18 3 4 4 4 3.777 3.441 2.735 1.958 1.293 0.733 0.428 0.246 0.12 Juni 2104 20 3 4 4 4 4 3.789 3.282 2.436 1.6 0.979 0.547 0.262 0.121 Juni 2104 22 3 3.894 3.892 3.897 3.871 3.544 3.122 2.573 2.006 1.383 0.841 0.481 0.252 Juni 2104 24 3 4 4 4 4 3.719 3.025 2.07 1.357 0.825 0.487 0.265 0.138 Juni 2104 25 3 4 4 4 3.86 3.453 2.824 2.089 1.497 0.896 0.516 0.29 0.156 Juni 2104 27 3 4 4 3.875 3.667 3.181 2.445 1.644 1.037 0.598 0.332 0.175 0.095 Juni 2104 29 3 4 4 4 4 3.588 2.656 1.765 1.049 0.588 0.319 0.176 0.089 Juni 2104 31 3 4 4 3.894 3.689 3.043 2.225 1.52 1.034 0.614 0.347 0.193 0.101

Test protein: SAR 0280-28-820 ELISA Mouse Bleed Sera dilution (OD490 nm) Plate ID No Bleed # 100 200 400 800 1600 3200 6400 12800 25600 51200 102400 204800 juni 280 60 3 4 4 4 3.777 3.441 2.735 1.958 1.293 0.733 0.428 0.246 0.12 juni 280 61 3 4 4 4 4 3.789 3.282 2.436 1.6 0.979 0.547 0.262 0.121 juni 280 62 3 3.894 3.892 3.897 3.871 3.544 3.122 2.573 2.006 1.383 0.841 0.481 0.252 juni 280 63 3 4 4 4 4 3.719 3.025 2.07 1.357 0.825 0.487 0.265 0.138 juni 280 64 3 4 4 4 3.86 3.453 2.824 2.089 1.497 0.896 0.516 0.29 0.156 juni 280 65 3 4 4 3.875 3.667 3.181 2.445 1.644 1.037 0.598 0.332 0.175 0.095 juni 280 66 3 4 4 4 4 3.588 2.656 1.765 1.049 0.588 0.319 0.176 0.089 juni 280 67 3 4 4 3.894 3.689 3.043 2.225 1.52 1.034 0.614 0.347 0.193 0.101

Test protein: SAR 0390-21-190 ELISA Mouse Bleed Sera dilution (OD490 nm) Plate ID No Bleed # 100 200 400 800 1600 3200 6400 12800 25600 51200 102400 204800 juni 50 3 4 4 4 4 3.593 2.83 1.979 1.253 0.714 0.389 0.208 0.121 0390* juni 51 3 4 4 4 3.925 3.627 2.731 1.785 1.053 0.574 0.296 0.155 0.081 0390** juni 0390 52 3 4 4 4 4 3.516 2.709 1.86 1.11 0.627 0.333 0.182 0.095 juni 0390 53 3 4 4 4 4 3.753 3.297 2.379 1.538 0.917 0.502 0.278 0.15 juni 0390 54 3 4 4 4 4 3.865 3.446 2.648 1.799 1.077 0.6 0.337 0.163 juni 0390 55 3 4 4 4 4 3.931 3.907 3.544 2.769 1.844 1.107 0.612 0.316 juni 0390 56 3 4 4 4 3.864 3.396 2.59 1.715 1.043 0.584 0.317 0.173 0.093 juni 0390 57 3 4 3.931 4 3.841 3.233 2.309 1.443 0.83 0.45 0.234 0.123 0.067

Test protein: SAR0222-27-609 ELISA Mouse Bleed Sera dilution (OD490 nm) Plate ID No Bleed # 100 200 400 800 1600 3200 6400 12800 25600 51200 102400 204800 222 0Ø 3 3.899 3.646 3.306 2.755 2.035 1.351 0.806 0.485 0.289 0.177 0.098 0.06 222 BØ 3 3.011 2.854 2.518 1.964 1.485 0.969 0.607 0.375 0.243 0.128 0.077 0.04 222 VØ 3 3.669 3.294 2.737 1.98 1.314 0.784 0.451 0.268 0.175 0.098 0.063 0.034 222 HØ 3 3.535 3.375 3.24 2.814 2.317 1.824 1.466 1.166 0.889 0.576 0.344 0.185 222 20Ø 3 3.055 2.927 2.803 2.498 1.949 1.513 1.087 0.756 0.481 0.283 0.157 0.086 222 2BØ 3 2.568 2.281 1.871 1.331 0.84 0.471 0.267 0.145 0.084 0.049 0.029 0.017 222 2HØ 3 4 3.816 3.646 3.093 2.389 1.66 1.033 0.628 0.415 0.25 0.143 0.077 222 2VØ 3 4 3.827 3.552 3.05 2.385 1.665 1.065 0.642 0.365 0.203 0.127 0.062

Test protein: SAR0872-27-273 ELISA Mouse Bleed Sera dilution (OD490 nm) Plate ID No Bleed # 100 200 400 800 1600 3200 6400 12800 25600 51200 102400 204800 0872 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3.564 2.528 1.57 0872 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3.944 3.476 2.441 1.561 0.917 0872 6 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3.931 3.367 2.446 1.57 0872 8 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3.777 2.732 1.739 0872 17 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3.724 2.838 1.913 1.158 0872 19 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3.786 3.121 2.237 1.409 0.811 0872 21 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3.566 2.552 1.615 0.901 0872 23 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3.887 3.269 2.251 1.404

Test protein: SAR1879-24-184 ELISA Mouse Bleed Sera dilution (OD490 nm) Plate ID No Bleed # 100 200 400 800 1600 3200 6400 12800 25600 51200 102400 204800 1879 0Ø 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3.871 3.028 2.038 1.228 0.662 1879 VØ 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3.508 2.428 1.548 0.881 0.478 0.242 1879 HØ 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3.665 2.686 1.778 1.041 0.577 0.301 1879 20Ø 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3.501 2.468 1.548 0.856 0.474 0.244 1879 2BØ 3 4 4 4 4 4 3.872 3.175 2.12 1.333 0.747 0.406 0.213 1879 2VØ 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3.52 2.453 1.483 0.821 0.428 1879 2HØ 3 4 4 4 4 4 3.885 3.363 2.325 1.452 0.826 0.448 0.224

Test protein: SAR1881-25-208 ELISA Mouse Bleed Sera dilution (OD490 nm) Plate ID No Bleed # 100 200 400 800 1600 3200 6400 12800 25600 51200 102400 204800 1881 0Ø 3 4 4 3.66 3.06 2.238 1.454 0.848 0.47 0.251 0.135 0.078 0.047 1881 BØ 3 4 4 3.558 2.546 1.551 0.884 0.481 0.26 0.137 0.075 0.048 0.032 1881 VØ 3 4 4 3.78 2.952 1.888 1.105 0.617 0.335 0.181 0.102 0.058 0.039 1881 HØ 3 4 3.595 2.644 1.678 0.983 0.546 0.3 0.162 0.091 0.053 0.035 0.026 1881 20Ø 3 4 4 4 4 3.583 3.018 2.231 1.454 0.866 0.478 0.258 0.141 1881 2BØ 3 1.195 0.577 0.316 0.171 0.101 0.064 0.044 0.032 0.027 0.022 0.022 0.019 1881 2VØ 3 4 3.792 3.313 2.508 1.716 1.024 0.598 0.333 0.181 0.1 0.06 0.039 1881 2HØ 3 0.995 0.559 0.3 0.165 0.097 0.061 0.043 0.033 0.026 0.02 0.019 0.02

Test protein: SAR2104-20-154 ELISA Mouse Bleed Sera dilution (OD490 nm) Plate ID No Bleed # 100 200 400 800 1600 3200 6400 12800 25600 51200 102400 204800 2104 0Ø 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3.841 3.033 2.031 1.197 0.674 0.371 2104 BØ 3 0.67 0.377 0.22 0.138 0.089 0.067 0.052 0.048 0.044 0.042 0.041 0.04 2104 VØ 3 0.276 0.165 0.099 0.073 0.057 0.053 0.047 0.045 0.043 0.042 0.041 0.039 2104 20Ø 3 0.153 0.099 0.071 0.057 0.048 0.047 0.043 0.043 0.044 0.042 0.041 0.039 2104 2BØ 3 0.458 0.378 0.285 0.244 0.2 0.169 0.135 0.099 0.07 0.052 0.047 0.043 2104 2VØ 3 0.349 0.25 0.178 0.133 0.098 0.09 0.067 0.041 0.046 0.043 0.042 0.039 2104 2HØ 3 0.345 0.221 0.142 0.103 0.074 0.06 0.051 0.047 0.044 0.041 0.042 0.037

Test protein: SAR2119-34-370 ELISA Mouse Bleed Sera dilution (OD490 nm) Plate ID No Bleed # 100 200 400 800 1600 3200 6400 12800 25600 51200 102400 204800 2119 0Ø 3 4 4 4 3.857 4 4 3.689 3.27 1.839 1.121 0.597 0.311 2119 BØ 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3.872 3.379 2.373 1.49 0.827 0.434 2119 VØ 3 4 4 3.949 4 4 4 3.892 3.218 2.22 1.339 0.751 0.381 2119 HØ 3 0.187 0.101 0.168 0.102 0.062 0.041 0.03 0.022 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.011 2119 20Ø 3 4 4 4 4 3.421 2.446 1.457 0.819 0.439 0.228 0.122 0.063 2119 2BØ 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3.594 2.695 1.747 1.026 0.547 2119 2VØ 3 4 4 4 4 3.577 2.731 1.734 1.012 0.552 0.285 0.146 0.076 2119 2HØ 3 4 4 4 4 3.498 2.52 1.521 0.874 0.466 0.244 0.128 0.066

Test protein: SAR2718-24-157 ELISA Mouse Bleed Sera dilution (OD490 nm) Plate ID No Bleed # 100 200 400 800 1600 3200 6400 12800 25600 51200 102400 204800 2718 OØ 3 4 4 4 4 4 3.906 3.27 2.491 1.673 1.062 0.616 0.323 2718 VØ 3 3.923 4 4 3.786 3.09 2.101 1.238 0.682 0.366 0.19 0.105 0.057 2718 HØ 3 4 4 4 4 4 3.944 3.498 2.547 1.622 0.963 0.514 0.27 2718 20Ø 3 4 4 4 4 3.944 2.971 1.885 0.966 0.449 0.187 0.086 0.047 2718 2BØ 3 4 4 3.885 3.344 3.204 1.371 0.773 0.402 0.216 0.115 0.06 0.037 2718 2VØ 3 4 4 4 4 3.801 2.893 1.911 1.17 0.632 0.349 0.174 0.091 2718 2HØ 3 4 4 4 3.726 3.229 1.844 1.104 0.595 0.324 0.174 0.093 0.051

Test protein: SAR0826-42-209 ELISA Mouse Bleed Sera dilution (OD490 nm) Plate ID No Bleed # 100 200 400 800 1600 3200 6400 12800 25600 51200 102400 204800 0826 1 3 −0.0058 −0.0288 −0.0138 −0.0258 −0.0128 −0.0288 0.0132 0.0062 −0.0688 −0.0098 −0.0398 −0.0178 0826 2 3 0.2672 −0.0188 −0.0668 −0.0888 −0.1188 −0.1038 −0.1288 −0.1168 −0.1188 −0.1068 −0.0698 0.3492 0826 3 3 −0.0828 −0.1518 −0.1278 −0.1308 −0.1268 −0.1168 −0.1288 −0.1338 −0.0558 −0.1118 −0.0968 −0.0378 0826 4 3 −0.0918 −0.1458 −0.1308 −0.1448 −0.1408 −0.1318 −0.1518 −0.1398 −0.1328 −0.1168 −0.1068 −0.0588 0826 5 3 0.0922 −0.1228 −0.1448 −0.1438 −0.1168 −0.1198 −0.0918 −0.1388 −0.1288 −0.1138 −0.1228 −0.0908 0826 6 3 1.1902 0.4132 0.0792 −0.0518 −0.1048 −0.1448 −0.1378 −0.1568 −0.1378 −0.1168 −0.1168 −0.0678 0826 7 3 3.1572 2.6172 1.6322 0.8702 0.3652 0.1352 −0.0218 −0.0928 −0.0928 −0.0988 −0.0948 −0.0718 0826 8 3 −0.1568 −0.1638 −0.1168 −0.1198 −0.0238 0.0102 −0.0388 −0.0828 −0.0818 −0.0618 −0.0368 −0.0038 Immune Fluorescence/FACS Analyses of Plasma Samples from Immunized Mice

1. Groups of mice will be immunized three times with intervals of 14 days with antigen coupled onto carrier-proteins, diphtheria-toxoid and/or secreted mycobacterial proteins (PPD). All immunizations are carried out subcutaneously with the antigen adsorbed onto Al(OH)₃ and with Freunds incomplete adjuvant, cf. above.

2. A control group of mice are immunized with diphtheria-toxoid without antigen.

3. Mice are bled after the second and the third immunization.

4. The serum bleeds are tested for their reactivity against the immunizing antigen.

5. The following methods will be used:

-   -   Direct measurement of antibodies to the immunizing antigen     -   Analysis for agglutinating power when antibodies are incubated         with the bacteria     -   Analysis for killing effect on bacteria after incubation of         bacteria with antiserum+fresh serum (complement)

Proteins of the Invention

The S. aureus proteins of the present invention are set forth in the sequence listing together with their related nucleic acid sequences. For easy reference, the one letter amino acid sequences of the S. aureus proteins are provided in the following:

SEQ ID NO: 1: MKRLLGLLLVSTLVLSACGNDENQEESKKEVKSKEKKIEKEKENKSKKDKEKEVATQQQPDNQTVEQPQ SQEQSVQQPQQQIPQNSVPQQNVQVQQNKKQKVDLNNMPPTDFSTEGMSEQAQKQIEELSMQKDYHG LSQREYNDRVSEIINNDN SEQ ID NO: 2: MLKGCGGCLISFIILIILLSACSMMFSNNDNSTSNQSSKTQLTQKDEDKSENMPEEKSESETDKDLQSTE EVPANENTENNQHEIDEITTTDQSDDEINTPNVAEEESQDDLKDDLKEKQQPSDHHQSTQPKTSPSTETN KQQSFANCKQLRQVYPNGVTADHPAYRPHLDRDKDKRACEPDKY SEQ ID NO: 3: MKKLIISIMAIMLFLTGCGKSQEKATLEKDIDNLQKENKELKDKKEKLQQEKEKLADKQKDLEKEVKDLKP SKEDNKDDKKDEDKNKDKDKEASQDKQSKDQTKSSDKDNHKKPTSTDKDQKANDKHQS SEQ ID NO: 4: MKNAFKLFKMDLKKVAKTPAVWIILAGLAILPSFYAWFNLWAMWDPYGNTGHIKVAVVNEDKGDTIRGK KVNVGNTMVNTLKKNKSFDWQFVSREKADHEIKMGKYFAGIYIPSKFTHEITGTLRKQPQKADVEFKVNQ KINAVASKLTDTGSSVVVEKANEQFNKTVTRALLEEANKAGLTIEENVPTINKIKNAVYSADKALPKINDFA NKIVYLNNHQADLDKYANDFRKLGNYKGDILDAQKKLNEVNGAIPQLNEKAKLILALNIVYMPKIEKALNFA ADDVPAQFPKINQGLNIASQGIDQANGQLNDAKGFVTQVRSRVGDYQEAIRRAQDLNRRNQQQIPQNS AANNETSNSAPAAGNGVTSTPPSAPNGNTTPNNNVTQNTAPNSNNAPVSTRQSTSGKKDGQSFADITT TQVSTANENTQNITDKDVKSMEAALTGSLLSLSNNLDTQAKAAQKDSQALRNISYGILASDKPSDFRESL DNVKSGLEYTTQYNQQFIDTLKEIEKNENVDLSKEIDKVKTANNRINESLRLVNQLSNALKNGSSGTAEAT KLLDQLSKLDSSLSSFRDYVKKDLNSSLVSISQRIMDELNKGQTALSNVQSKLNTIDQVINSGQSILKNG KTRIDRLQTVLPSIEQQYISAIKNAQANFPKVKSDVAKAANFVRNDLPQLEQRLTNATASVNKNLPTLLNG YDQAVGLLNKNQPQAKKALSDLADFAQNKLPDVEKDLKKANKIFKKLDKDDAVDKLIDTLKNDLKKQAGI IANPINKKTVDVFPVKDYGSGMTPFYTALSVWVGALLMVSLLTVDNKHKSLEPVLTTRQVFLGKAGFFIML GMLQALIVSVGDLLILKAGVESPVLFVLITIFCSIIFNSIVYTCVSLLGNPGKAIAIVLLVLQIAGGGGTFPIQT TPQFFQNISPYLPFTYAIDSLRETVGGIVPEILITKLIILTLFGIGFFVVGLILKPVTDPLMKRVSEKVDQSNVT E SEQ ID NO: 5: MNEKVEGMTLELKLDHLGVQEGMKGLKRQLGVVNSEMKANLSAFDKSEKSMEKYQARIKGLNDRLKVQ KKMYSQVEDELKQVNANYQKAKSSVKDVEKAYLKLVEANKKEKLALDKSKEALKSSNTELKKAENQYKR TNQRKQDAYQKLKQLRDAEQKLKNSNQATTAQLKRASDAVQKQSAKHKALVEQYKQEGNQVQKLKVQ NDNLSKSNDKIESSYAKTNTKLKQTEKEFNDLNNTIKNHSANVAKAETAVNKEKAALNNLERSIDKASSE MKTFNKEQMIAQSHFGKLASQADVMSKKFSSIGDKMTSLGRTMTMGVSTPITLGLGAALKTSADFEGQM SRVGAIAQASSKDLKSMSNQAVDLGAKTSKSANEVAKGMEELAALGFNAKQTMEAMPGVISAAEASGAE MATTATVMASAINSFGLKASDANHVADLLARSANDSAADIQYMGDALKYAGTPAKALGVSIEDTSAAIEV LSNSGLEGSQAGTALRASFIRLANPSKNTAKEMKKLGIHLSDAKGQFVGMGELIRQFQDNMKGMTREQK LATVATIVGTEAASGFLALIEAGPDKINSYSKSLKNSNGESKKAADLMKDNLKGALEQLGGAFESLAIEVG KDLTPMIRAGAEGLTKLVDGFTHLPGWVRKASVGLALFGASIGPAVLAGGLLIRAVGSAAKGYASLNRRIA ENTILSNTNSKAMKSLGLQTLFLGSTTGKTSKGFKGLAGAMLFNLKPINVLKNSAKLAILPFKLLKNGLGLA AKSLFAVSGGARFAGVALKFLTGPIGATITAITIAYKVFKTAYDRVEWFRNGINGLGETIKFFGGKIIGGAV RKLGEFKNYLGSIGKSFKEKFSKDMKDGYKSLSDDDLLKVGVNKFKGFMQTMGTASKKASDTVKVLGKG VSKETEKALEKYVHYSEENNRIMEKVRLNSGQITEDKAKKLLKIEADLSNNLIAEIEKRNKKELEKTQELID KYSAFDEQEKQNILTRTKEKNDLRIKKEQELNQKIKELKEKALSDGQISENERKEIEKLENQRRDITVKELS KTEKEQERILVRMQRNRNSYSIDEASKAIKEAEKARKAKKKEVDKQYEDDVIAIKNNVNLSKSEKDKLLAI ADQRHKDEVRKAKSKKDAVVDVVKKQNKDIDKEMDLSSGRVYKNTEKWWNGLKSWWSNFREDQKKK SDKYAKEQEETARRNRENIKKWFGNAWDGVKSKTGEAFSKMGRNANHFGGEMKKMWSGIKGIPSKLS SGWSSAKSSVGYHTKAIANSTGKWFGKAWQSVKSTTGSIYNQTKQKYSDASDKAWAHSKSIWKGTSK WFSNAYKSAKGWLTDMANKSRSKWDNISSTAWSNAKSVWKGTSKWFSNSYKSLKGWTGDMYSRAH DRFDAISSSAWSNAKSVFNGFRKWLSRTYEWIRDIGKDMGRAAADLGKNVANKAIGGLNSMIGGINKIS KAITDKNLIKPIPTLSTGTLAGKGVATDNSGALTQPTFAVLNDRGSGNAPGGGVQEVIHRADGTFHAPQG RDVVVPLGVGDSVINANDTLKLQRMGVLPKFHGGTKKKKWMEQVTENLGKKAGDFGSKAKNTAHNIKK GAEEMVEAAGDKIKDGASWLGDKIGDVWDYVQHPGKLVNKVMSGLNINFGGGANATVKIAKGAYSLLK KKLVDKVKSWFEDFGGGGDGSYLFDHPIWQRFGSYTGGLNFNGGRHYGIDFQMPTGTNIYAVKGGIAD KVWTDYGGGNSIQIKTGANEWNWYMHLSKQLARQGQRIKAGQLIGKSGATGNFVRGAHLHFQLMQGS HPGNDTAKDPEKWLKSLKGSGVRSGSGVNKAASAWAGDIRRAAKRMGVNVTSGDVGNIISLIQHESGG NAGITQSSALRDINVLQGN PAKGLLQYIPQTFRHYAVRGHNNIYSGYDQLLAFFNNSYWRSQFNPRGGW SPSGPRRYANGGLITKHQLAEVGEGDKQEMVIPLTRRKRAIQLTEQVMRIIGMDGKPNNITVNNDTSTVE KLLKQIVMLSDKGNKLTDALIQTVSSQDNNLGSNDAIRGLEKILSKQSGHRANANNYMGGLTN SEQ ID NO: 6: MKKQIISLGALAVASSLFTWDNKADAIVTKDYSKESRVNENSKYDTPIPDWYLGSILNRLGDQIYYAKELT NKYEYGEKEYKQAIDKLMTRVLGEDHYLLEKKKAQYEAYKKWFEKHKSENPHSSLKKIKFDDFDLYRLTK KEYNELHQSLKEAVDEFNSEVKNIQSKQKDLLPYDEATENRVTNGIYDFVCEIDTLYAAYFNHSQYGHNA KELRAKLDIILGDAKDPVRITNERIRKEMMDDLNSIIDDFFMDINMNRPLNITKFNPNIHDYTNKPENRDN EDKLVKETREAIANADESWKTRTVKNYGESETKSPVVKEEKKVEEPQLPKVGNQQEDKITVGTTEEAPLPI AQPLVKIPQGTIQGEIVKGPEYLTMENKTLQGEIVQGPDFPTMEQNRPSLSDNYTQPTTPNPILKGIEGNST KLEIKPQGTESTLKGTQGESSDIEVKPQATETTEASHYPARPQFNKTPKYVKYRDAGTGIREYNDGTFGYE ARPRFNKPSETNAYNVTTNQDGTVSYGARPTQNKPSETNAYNVTTHANGQVSYGARPTQNKPSETNAYN VTTHANGQVSYGARPTQNKPSKTNAYNVTTHADGTATYGPRVTK SEQ ID NO: 7: MKKVIGLLLVSTLALTACGEKEKPKKEENKKSQTQKHKDSKPKTQQEKMKKVEDKNPPNNSIQNNSNNQ NQSQNNQLNNNSDPSNNIPANTNKNDSQNTNLNDEYVVSPGVVTKDEQAKAFEEYKKGKEDEARAGAS AVPGANIN SEQ ID NO: 8: MAKKFNYKLPSMVALTLVGSAVTAHQVQAAETTQDQTTNKNVLDSNKVKATTEQAKAEVKNPTQNISGT QVYQDPAIVQPKAANKTGNAQVNQKVDTTQVNGDTRATQSTTSNNAKPVTKSTNTTAPKTNNNVTSAG YSLVDDEDDNSENQINPELIKSAAKPAALETQYKAAAPKATPVAPKAKTEATPKVTTFSASAQPRSAAAAP KTSLPKYKPQVNSSINDYIRKNNLKAPKIEEDYTSYFPKYAYRNGVGRPEGIVVHDTANDRSTINGEISYM KNNYQNAFVHAFVDGDRIIETAPTDYLSWGVGAVGNPRFINVEIVHTHDYASFARSMNNYADYAATQLQ YYGLKPDSAEYDGNGTVWTHYAVSKYLGGTDHADPHGYLRSHNYSYDQLYDLINEKYLIKMGKVAPWGT QSTTTPTIPSKPSTPSKPSTPSTGKLTVAANNGVAQIKPTNSGLYTTVYDKTGKATNEVQKTFAVSKTATL GNQKFYLVQDYNSGNKFGWVKEGDVVYNTAKSPVNVNQSYSIKPGTKLYTVPWGISKQVAGSVSGSGN QTFKASKQQQIDKSIYLYGSVNGKSGWVSKAYLVDTAKPTPTPTPKPSTPTTNNKLTVSSLNGVAQINAK NNGLFTTVYDKTGKPTKEVQKTFAVTKEASLGGNKFYLVKDYNSPTLIGWVKQGDVIYNNAKSPVNVMQ TYTVKPGTKLYSVPWGTYKQEAGAVSGTGNQTFKATKQQQIDKSIYLYGTVNGKSGWISKAYLAVPAAPK KAVAQPKTAVKAYAVTKPQTTQTVSKIAQVKPNNTGIRASVYEKTAKNGAKYADRTFYVTKERAHGNETY VLLNNTSHNIPLGWFNVKDLNVQNLGKEVKTTQKYTVNRSNNGLSMVPWGTKNQVILTGNIVIAQGTFNA TKQVSVGKDVYLYGTINNRTGWVNSKDLTAPTAVKPTTSAAKDYNYTYVIKNGNGYYYVTPNSDTAKYSL KAFNEQPFAVVKEQVINGQIWYYGKLSNGKLAWIKSTDLAKELIKYNQIGMTLNQVAQIQAGLQYKPQV QRVPGKWTDANFNDVKHAMDTKRLAQDPALKYQFLRLDQPQNISIDKINQFLKGKGVLENQGAAFNKAA QMYGINEVYLISHALLETGNGTSQLAKGADVVNNKVVTNSNTKYHNVFGIAAYDNDPLREGIKYAKQAG WDTVSKAIVGGAKFIGNSYVKAGQNTLYKMRWNPAHPGTHQYATDVDWANINAKIIKGYYDKIGEVGKY FDIPQYK SEQ ID NO: 9: MSNNFKDDFEKNRQSIDTNSHQDHTEDVEKDQSELEHQDTIENTEQQFPPRNAQRRKRRRDLATNHNK QVHNESQTSEDNVQNEAGTIDDRQVESSHSTESQEPSHQDSTPQHEEGYYNKNAFAMDKSHPEPIEDN DKHETIKEAENNTEHSTVSDKSEAEQSQQPKPYFATGANQANTSKDKHDDVTVKQDKDESKDHHSGKK GAAIGAGTAGVAGAAGAMGVSKAKKHSNDAQNKSNSGKVNNSTEDKASEDKSKEHHNGKKGAAIGAG TAGLAGGAASNSASAASKPHASNNASQNNDEHDHHDRDKERKKGGMAKVLLPLIAAVLIIGALAIFGGM ALNNHNNGTKENKIANTNKNNADESKDKDTSKDASKDKSKSTDSDKSKDDQDKATKDESDNDQNNAN QANNQAQNNQNQQQANQNQQQQQQRQGGGQRHTVNGQENLYRIAIQYYGSGSPENVEKIRRANGLS GNNIRNGQQIVIP SEQ ID NO: 10: MSWFDKLFGEDNDSNDDLIHRKKKRRQESQNIDNDHDSLLPQNNDIYSRPRGKFRFPMSVAYENENVE QSADTISDEKEQYHRDYRKQSHDSRSQKRHRRRRNQTTEEQNYSEQRGNSKISQQSIKYKDHSHYHTN KPGTYVSAINGIEKETHKSKTHNIYSNNTNHRAKDSTTDYHKESFKTSEVPSAIFGTMKPKKLENGRIPVS KSSEKVESDKQKYDKYVAKTQTSQNKHLEQEKQKDSVVKQGTASKSSDENVSSTTKSTPNYSKVDNTIK IENIYASQIVEEIRRERERKVLQKRRFKKALQQKREEHKNEEQDAIQRAIDEMYAKQAERYVGDSSLNDD SDLTDNSTEASQLHTNEIEDEAVSNDENKKASIQNEDTDDTHVDESPYNYEEVSLNQVSTTKQLSDDEV TVSDVTSQRQSALQHNVEVNNQDELKNQSRLIADSEEDGATNEEEYSGSQIDDAEFYELNDTEVDEDTT SNSEDNTNRDASEMHVDAPKTQEHAVTESQVNNIDKTVDNEIELAPRHKKDDQTNLSVNSLKTNDVND GHVVEDSSMNEIEKQNAEITENVQNEAAESKQNVEEKTIENVNPKKQTEKVSTLSKRPFNVVMTPSDKKR MMDRKKHSKVNVPELKPVQSKQAASESKTATQNTPSSSTDSQESNTNAYKTNNMTSNNVENNQLIGHA ATENDYQNAQQYSEQKPSADSTQTEIFEESQDDNQLENEQVDQSTSSSVSEVSDITEESEETTHQNNTS GQQDNDDQQKDLQLSFSNQNEDTANENRPRTNQPDVATNQAVQTSKPMIRKGPNIKLPSVSLLEEPQVI EPDEDWITDKKKELNDALFYFNVPAEVQDVTEGPSVTRFELSVEKGVKVSRITALQDDIKMALAAKDIRIE APIPGTSRVGIEVPNQNPTTVNLRSIIESPSFKNAESKLTVAMGYRINNEPLLMDIAKTPHALIAGATGSGK SVCINSILMSLLYKNHPEELRLLLIDPKMVELAPYNGLPHLVAPVITDVKAATQSLKWAVEEMERRYKLFAH YHVRNITAFNKKAPYDERMPKIVIVIDELADLMMMAPQEVEQSIARIAQKARACGIHMLVATQRPSVNVIT GLIKANIPTRIAFMVSSSVDSRTILDSGGAERLLGYGDMLYLGSGMNKPIRVQGTFVSDDEIDDVVDFIKQ QREPDYLFEEKELLKKTQTQSQDELFDDVCAFMVNEGHISTSLIQRHFQIGYNRAARIIDQLEQLGYVSSA NGSKPRDVYVTEADLNKE SEQ ID NO: 11: MSNQNYDYNKNEDGSKKKMSTTAKVVSIATVLLLLGGLVFAIFAYVDHSNKAKERMLNEQKQEQKEKRQ KENAEKERKKKQQEEKEQNELDSQANQYQQLPQQNQYQYVPPQQQAPTKQRPAKEENDDKASKDESK DKDDKASQDKSDDNQKKTDDNKQPAQPKPQPQQPTPKPNNNQQNNQSNQQAKPQAPQQNSQSTTNK QNNANDK SEQ ID NO: 12: MKLKSLAVLSMSAVVLTACGNDTPKDETKSTESNTNQDTNTTKDVIALKDVKTSPEDAVKKAEETYKGQK LKGISFENSNGEWAYKVTQQKSGEESEVLVDDKNKKVINKKTEKEDTVNENDNFKYSDAIDYKKAIKEG QKEFDGDIKEWSLEKDDGKLVYNIDLKKGNKKQEVTVDAKNGKVLKSEQDQ SEQ ID NO: 13: MKKKNWIYALIVTLIIIIAIVSMIFFVQTKYGDQSEKGSQSVSNKNNKIHIAIVNEDQPTTYNGKKVELGQA FIKRLANEKNYKFETVTRNVAESGLKNGGYQVMIVIPENFSKLAMQLDAKTPSKISLQYKTAVGQKEEVAK NTEKVVSNVLNDFNKNLVEIYLTSIIDNLHNAQKNVGAIMTREHGVNSKFSNYLLNPINDFPELFIDTLVNS ISANKDITKWFQTYNKSLLSANSDTFRVNTDYNVSTLIEKQNSLFDEHNTAMDKMLQDYKSQKDSVELD NYINALKQMDSQIDQQSSMQDTGKEEYKQTVKENLDKLREIIQSQESPFSKGMIEDYRKQLTESLQDELA NNKDLQDALNSIKMNNAQFAENLEKQLHDDIVKEPDSDTTFIYNMSKQDFIAAGLNEDEANKYEAIVKEA KRYKNEYNLKKPLAEHINLTDYDNQVAQDTSSLINDGVKVQRTETIKSNDINQLTVATDPHFNFEGDIKIN GKKYDIKDQSVQLDTSNKEYKVEVNGVAKLKKDAEKDFLKDKTMHLQLLFGQANRQDEPNDKKATSVV DVTLNHNLDGRLSKDALSQQLSALSRFDAHYKMYTDTKGREDKPFDNKRLIDMMVDQVINDMESFKDD KVAVLHQIDSMEENSDKLIDDILNNKKNTTKNKEDISKLIDQLENVKKTFAEEPQEPKIDKGKNDEFNTMS SNLDKEISRISEKSTQLLSDTQESKTIADSVSGQLNQLDNNVNKLHATGRALGVRANDLNRQMAKNDKD NELFAKEFKKVLQNSKDGDRQNQALKAFMSNPVQKKNLENVLANNGNTDVISPTLFVLLMYLLSMITAYIF YSYERAKGQMNFIKDDYSSKNNLWNNAITSGVIGATGLVEGLIVGLIAMNKFHVLAGYRAKFILMVILTM MVFVLINTYLLRQVKSIGMFLMIAALGLYFVAMNNLKAAGQGVTNKISPLSYIDNMFFNYLNAEHPIGLALV ILTVLVIIGFVLNMFIKHFKKERLI SEQ ID NO: 14: MTQQQNNKRTLKNKHTYQNEPLPNRKDFVVSFITGALVGSALGLYFKNKVYQKADDLKVKEQELSQKFEE RKTQLEETVAFTKERVEGFLNKSKNEQAALKAQQAAIKEEASANNLSDTSQEAQEIQEAKREAQTETDKS AAVSNEESKASALKAQQAAIKEEASANNLSDTSQEAQAIQEVKKEAQAETDKSADVSNEESKASTLNVS KEESQAERLANAAKQKQAKLTPGSKESQLTEALFAEKPVAKNDLKEIPLLVTKKNDVSETVNTDNKDTVK QKEAKFENGVITRKADEKTPNNTAVDKKSGKQSKKTTPSNKRNASKASTNKTSGQKKQHNKKASQGAK KQSSSSNSTTKTNQKNSKATNAKSSNASKKSNAKVEKAKSKIEKRTFND SEQ ID NO: 15: MDIGKKHVIPKSQYRRKRREFFHNEDREENLNQHQDKQNIDNTTSKKADKQIHKDSIDKHERFKNSLSS HLEQRNRDVNENKAEESKSNQGSKSAYNKDHYLTDDVSKKQNSLDSVDQDTEKSKYYEQNTEATLSTN STDKVESTDMRKLSSDKNKVGHEEQHVLSKPSEHDKETRIDFESSRTDSDSSMQTEKIKKDSSDGNKS SNLKSEVISDKSNSVPILSESDDEVNNQKPLTLPEEQKLKRQQSQNEQTKTYTYGDSEQNDKSNHENDL SHHTPSISDDKDYVMREDHIVDDNPDNDINTPSLSKIDDDRKLDEKIHVEDKHKQNADSSETVGYQSQS SASHRSTEKRNMAINDHDKLNGQKPNTKTSANNNQKKATSKLNKGRATNNNYSAILKKFWMMYWPKLV ILMGIIILIVILNAIFNNVNKNDRMNDNNDADAQKYTTTMKNANNAVKSVVTVENETSKDSSLPKDKASQ DEVGSGVVYKKSGDTLYIVTNAHVVGDKENQKITFSNNKSVVGKVLGKDKWSDLAVVKATSSDSSVKEI AIGDSNNLVLGEPILVVGNPLGVDFKGTVTEGIISGLNRNVPIDFDKDNKYDMLMKAFQIDASVNPGNSG GAVVNREGKLIGVVAAKISMPNVENMSFAIPVNEVQKIVKELETKGKIDYPDVGVKMKNIASLNSFERQA VKLLGKVKNGVVVDQVDNNGLADQSGLKKGDVITELDGKLLEDDLRFRQIIFSHKDDLKSITAKIYRDGK EKEINIKLK SEQ ID NO: 16: MKFKAIVAITLSLSLLTACGANQHKENSSKSNDTNKKTQQTDNTTQSNTEKQMTPQEAEDIVRNDYKAR GANENQTLNYKTNLERSNEHEYYVEHLVRDAVGTPLKRCAIVNRHNGTIINIFDDMSEKDKEEFEAFKKRS PKYNPGMNDQAEMDNESEDIQHHDIDNNKAIQNDLPDQKVDDKNDKNAVNKEEKHDNRENNSAETKV K SEQ ID NO: 17: MDKKKVIKFMINVLPIVLVPLIVERKRIKQHPDVQKVTDATSKVASKTSAAISNTASDVKEYVGDKKQDFE NKRELKKFAREHDPAYIEKKGEKLAKQNRKDADKMNKILQKNIEKRHKEEQKAREKNEIQRIKDMKKSQK YEVKAGLTPNKLDEKTEKKGDKLAEKNRKEIAKMNKKLQKNIEKRHKEEQKRQQEADKARIKSFKKYKDY VAKSASQQNKENNTEA SEQ ID NO: 18: MSYHWFKKMLLSTSMLILSSSSSLGLATHTVEAKDNLNGEKPTTNLNHNVTSPSVNSEMNNNETGTPHE SNQAGNEGTGSNSRDANPDSNNVKPDSNNQNPSPDSKPDPNNPNPGPNPKPDPDKPKPNPEPKPDPDK PKPNPDPKPDPDKPKPNPDPKPDPNPNPNPKPDPNKPNPNPSPNPNQPGDSNQSGGSKNGGTWNPNAS DGSNQGQWQPNGNQGNSQNPTGNDFVSQRFLALANGAYKYNPYILNQINQLGKEYGEVTDEDIYNIIRK QNFSGNAYLNGLQQQSNYFRFQYFNPLKSERYYRNLDEQVLALITGEIGSMPDLKKPEDKPDSKQRSFEP HEKDDFTVVKKQEDNKKSASTAYSKSWLAIVCSMMVVFSIMLFLFVKRNKKKNKNESQRR SEQ ID NO: 19: MKKTLLASSLAVGLGIVAGNAGHEAQASEADLNKASLAQMAQSNDQTLNQKPIEAGAYNYTFDYEGFTY HFESDGTHFAWNYHATGANGADMSAQAPATNNVAPSADQSNQVQSQEVEAPQNAQTQQPQASTSNN SQVTATPTESKASEGSSVNVNDHLKQIAQRESGGNIHAVNPTSGAAGKYQFLQSTWDSVAPAKYKGVSP ANAPESVQDAAAVKLYNTGGAGHWVTA 

1. A polypeptide comprising a) an amino acid sequence consisting of SEQ ID NO: 14, or b) an amino acid sequence consisting of at least 35 contiguous amino acid residues from SEQ ID NO: 14, or c) an amino acid sequence having a sequence identity of at least 60% with the amino acid sequence of a) or b), said polypeptide being antigenic in a mammal.
 2. The polypeptide according to claim 1, wherein the sequence identity defined in c) or d) is at least 65%, such as at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, and at least 99%.
 3. The polypeptide according to claim 1, wherein the at least 35 contiguous amino acid residues of option b) has an N-terminal amino acid residue corresponding to any one of amino acid residues 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, and 362 in SEQ ID NO: 14, wherein the N-terminal first residue will not be higher numbered than 397-L, where L is the number of amino acids defined for option b.
 4. The polypeptide according to claim 1, which is fused or conjugated to an immunogenic carrier molecule.
 5. The polypeptide according to 4, wherein the immunogenic carrier molecule is a polypeptide that induces T-helper lymphocyte responses in a majority of humans, such as an immunogenic carrier protein selected from the group consisting of keyhole limpet hemocyanin or a fragment thereof, tetanus toxoid or a fragment thereof, diphtheria toxoid or a fragment thereof.
 6. The polypeptide according to claim 1, which is capable of inducing an adaptive protective immune response against infection with multi-resistant S. aureus in a mammal, in particular in a human being.
 7. The polypeptide according to claim 6, which induces a humeral and/or a cellular immune response.
 8. An isolated nucleic acid fragment, which comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide according to claim
 1. 9. The nucleic acid fragment according to claim 8, which is a DNA fragment or an RNA fragment.
 10. The nucleic acid fragment according to claim 9, which comprises SEQ ID NO: 33 or 52, or a fragment thereof, which encodes a polypeptide.
 11. A vector comprising the nucleic acid according to claim 8, such as a cloning vector or an expression vector.
 12. The vector according to claim 11, which comprises in operable linkage and in the 5′-3′ direction, an expression control region comprising an enhancer/promoter for driving expression of the nucleic acid fragment defined in claim 8, optionally a signal peptide coding sequence, a nucleotide sequence defined in claim 8, and optionally a terminator.
 13. The vector according to claim 12, which is incapable of being integrated into the genome of a mammalian host cell.
 14. The vector according to claim 11, which is selected from the group consisting of a virus, such as a attenuated virus, a bacteriophage, a plasmid, a minichromosome, and a cosmid.
 15. A cell which is transformed so as to carry the vector according to claim
 11. 16. The cell according to claim 15, which is capable of expressing the nucleic acid fragment defined in claim
 8. 17. The cell according to claim 15, which is a bacterial cell selected from the group consisting of Escherichia (such as E. coli.), Bacillus [e.g. Bacillus subtilis], Salmonella, and Mycobacterium [preferably non-pathogenic, e.g. M. bovis BCG].
 18. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the polypeptide according to claim 1, the nucleic acid fragment according to claim 8, the vector according to claim 11, or the cell according to claim 15, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent.
 19. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 18, which further comprises an immunological adjuvant.
 20. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19, wherein the adjuvant is an aluminium based adjuvant.
 21. A method for inducing immunity in an animal by administering at least once an immunogenically effective amount of the polypeptide according to any claim 1, the nucleic acid fragment according to claim 8, the vector according to claim 11, or the cell according to claim 15, or a pharmaceutical composition according to claim 18 so as to induce adaptive immunity against S. aureus in the animal.
 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein, when the polypeptide according to claim 1 or a composition comprising said polypeptide is administered, the animal receives between 0.5 and 5,000 μg of the polypeptide according to claim 1 per administration.
 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the animal receives a priming administration and one or more booster administrations.
 23. The method according to claim 21, wherein the animal is a human being.
 24. The method according to claim 21, wherein the administration is for the purpose of inducing protective immunity against S. aureus.
 25. The method according to claim 24, wherein the protective immunity is effective in reducing the risk of attracting infection with S. aureus or is effective in treating or ameliorating infection with S. aureus. 